Elona Limaj, Oleg M. Yaroshenko, Nataliia O. Melnychuk, Olena V. Moskalenko, Jun-Ki Chung
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The trauma of war: implications for future generations in Ukraine (comparison with the Eastern European countries that were at war at the end of the 20th century)
ABSTRACTThis paper reviews work on psychological trauma related to armed conflict in Eastern Europe and Ukraine and on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Any aggression evokes emotions of fear, anger, despair, horror, confusion, and hatred. The research aims to determine the psychological consequences caused by the current hostilities that younger generations of Ukrainians will face in the future and compare them with similar experiences in Eastern European countries. The research results showed the presence of signs of depression and PTSD in all categories of respondents. The severe social and psychological problems caused by the hostilities in Ukraine have negative impact on family ties and intergenerational interaction. There need to be psychological forms of help that can improve the lives of victims and can prevent the negative impact of trauma on future generations.KEYWORDS: post-traumatic stress disordermental health Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
期刊介绍：
For more than 45 years, the International Journal of Environmental Studies has been pre-eminent in its field. The environment is understood to comprise the natural and the man-made, and their interactions; including such matters as pollution, health effects, analytical methods, political approaches, social impacts etc. Papers favouring an interdisciplinary approach are preferred, because the evidence of more than 45 years appears to be that many intellectual tools and many causes and effects are at issue in any environmental problem - and its solution. This does not mean that a single focus or a narrow view is unwelcome; provided always that the evidence is indicated and the method is robust. Pragmatic decision-making and applicable policies are subjects of interest, together with the problems in establishing facts about dynamic systems where long periods of observation and precise measurement may be difficult to secure. In other words, a systems or holistic approach to the environment and a scientific analysis are complementary, and the distinction between ’hard’ and ’soft’ science is bridged in most of the papers published. These may be on any item in the agenda of environmental science: land, water, food, conservation, population, risk analysis, energy, economics of ecological and non-ecological approaches, social advocacy of arguments for change, legal measures, implications of urbanism, energy choices, waste disposal, recycling, transport systems and other issues of mass society. There is concern also for marginal areas, under-developed societies, minorities, species loss; and indeed no element of the subject of environmental studies, seen in an international and interactive mode, is excluded.
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