Non-pharmacological therapy for tinnitus

Background: Tinnitus is often difficult to treat because it is closely related to hearing loss, central nervous system disorders, and emotional problems. Although various drug treatments have been attempted for patients with tinnitus, there is no drug that has been clearly proven to be effective. On the other hand, there are some studies showing the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological treatments for tinnitus.Current Concepts: Tinnitus is classified into subjective and objective tinnitus. Representative non-pharmacological treatments for chronic subjective tinnitus include sound therapy, hearing aids or implantable hearing rehabilitation devices, tinnitus retraining therapy, neuropsychiatric therapy, and neuromodulatory treatment. When objective tinnitus does not improve with conservative treatment, surgical treatment can be selected depending on the cause. Acupuncture treatment for tinnitus is not recommended due to lack of evidence on its effectiveness and safety.Discussion and Conclusion: Despite many studies, the mechanisms of tinnitus remain unknown. Thus, it is difficult to cure the cause of tinnitus. Because subjective responses to tinnitus vary according to the patient’s psychological state, a variety of approaches would be needed for the treatment of tinnitus.