不同向日葵品种在喀布尔农业气候条件下的适应性评价

Beheshtah Koshani, Mohammad Zarif Sharifi
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摘要

向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)适应性广、机械化潜力大、劳动力需求低、含油和蛋白质含量高,是最重要的油籽作物之一。本研究对喀布尔农业生态条件下向日葵优良品种的生产性能进行了评价。本研究的主要目的是鉴定最适合喀布尔农业生态条件的优良基因型。2018- 2019年,在喀布尔大学农业学院的农场对三种改良的向日葵品种进行了为期两年的试验,其中两种来自法国(罗比亚克和伊梅里亚克),另一种来自当地。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD),每组3个重复。收集了瘦果产量和其他参数的数据。分析表明,除出苗期、m-2株数、株高和叶面积指数外,各品种间均存在极显著差异。不同品种间瘦果产量差异显著。地方品种(4696.92kg ha-1)的产量显著高于艾美品种(3029),其次是罗比亚克品种(4346.62 kg ha-1)。这些品种在瘦果产量方面表现出最好的本地和外来基因型。通过额外的品尝,这些潜在的品系可以在阿富汗类似于喀布尔农业生态的特定环境中发布。
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The Adaptation Assessment of Different Sunflower Cultivars under Kabul Agro Climatic Conditions
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oilseeds crops due to its wide adaptability, mechanization potential, low labor requirements, and high oil and protein content. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of elite sunflower cultivars under Kabul agro-ecological conditions. The main objective of this research is to identify superior genotypes best adapted to Kabul agro-ecological conditions. Three improved cultivars of sunflowers, two from France (Robiacs and Imeriacs) and a local one were tested for two years, 2018-19, on the farm of Agriculture faculty at Kabul University. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on achene's yield and other parameters. Analysis revealed a highly significant difference among cultivars for all parameters under study except the number of days to complete emergence, number of plants m-2, plant height and leaf area index. Among the cultivars examined, there were significant differences in achene yield. Local cultivar (4696.92kg ha-1) followed by Robiacs (4346.62 kg ha-1) yielded significantly higher than Imeriacs cultivar (3029). These cultivars have shown to be the best local and exotic genotypes in terms of achene's yield. With additional tastings, these potential lines could be released for specific environments in Afghanistan similar to the Kabul agro-ecology.
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