Physiological Alterations of Pregnancy

SUMMARY

It is clear that pregnancy is associated with extensive functional and anatomical changes, many of which have important implications for the safe management of pain relief for labour and delivery. Some of these changes, such as increased blood volume, protect against the dangers of childbirth, while others result in diminished cardiorespiratory reserve or are associated with added anaesthetic risk. There is no doubt that pregnant women constitute a unique population which requires skilled personnel with specialized knowledge to provide for their needs.