{"title":"双重可修改突触:短期和长期自动联想记忆的模型。","authors":"A R Gardner-Medwin","doi":"10.1098/rspb.1989.0072","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synapses that can be strengthened in temporary and persistent manners by two separate mechanisms are shown to have powerful advantages in neural networks that perform auto-associative recall and recognition. A multiplicative relation between the two weights allows the same set of connections to be used in a closely interactive way for short-term and long-term memory. Algorithms and simulations are described for the storage, consolidation and recall of patterns that have been presented only once to a network. With double modifiability, the short-term performance is dramatically improved, becoming almost independent of the amount of long-term experience. The high quality of short-term recall allows consolidation to take place, with benefits from the selection and optimization of long term engrams to take account of relations between stored patterns. Long-term capacity is greater than short-term capacity, with little or no deficit compared with that obtained with singly modifiable synapses. Long-term recall requires special, simply implemented, procedures for increasing the temporary weights of the synapses being used to initiate recall. A consolidation algorithm is described for improving long-term recall when there is overlap between patterns. Confusional errors are reduced by strengthening the associations between non-overlapping elements in the patterns, in a two-stage process that has several of the characteristics of sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":54561,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Containing Papers of Abiological Character","volume":"238 1291","pages":"137-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1989-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspb.1989.0072","citationCount":"37","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Doubly modifiable synapses: a model of short and long term auto-associative memory.\",\"authors\":\"A R Gardner-Medwin\",\"doi\":\"10.1098/rspb.1989.0072\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Synapses that can be strengthened in temporary and persistent manners by two separate mechanisms are shown to have powerful advantages in neural networks that perform auto-associative recall and recognition. A multiplicative relation between the two weights allows the same set of connections to be used in a closely interactive way for short-term and long-term memory. Algorithms and simulations are described for the storage, consolidation and recall of patterns that have been presented only once to a network. With double modifiability, the short-term performance is dramatically improved, becoming almost independent of the amount of long-term experience. The high quality of short-term recall allows consolidation to take place, with benefits from the selection and optimization of long term engrams to take account of relations between stored patterns. Long-term capacity is greater than short-term capacity, with little or no deficit compared with that obtained with singly modifiable synapses. Long-term recall requires special, simply implemented, procedures for increasing the temporary weights of the synapses being used to initiate recall. A consolidation algorithm is described for improving long-term recall when there is overlap between patterns. Confusional errors are reduced by strengthening the associations between non-overlapping elements in the patterns, in a two-stage process that has several of the characteristics of sleep.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54561,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Containing Papers of Abiological Character\",\"volume\":\"238 1291\",\"pages\":\"137-54\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1989-11-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspb.1989.0072\",\"citationCount\":\"37\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Containing Papers of Abiological Character\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1989.0072\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Containing Papers of Abiological Character","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1989.0072","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Doubly modifiable synapses: a model of short and long term auto-associative memory.
Synapses that can be strengthened in temporary and persistent manners by two separate mechanisms are shown to have powerful advantages in neural networks that perform auto-associative recall and recognition. A multiplicative relation between the two weights allows the same set of connections to be used in a closely interactive way for short-term and long-term memory. Algorithms and simulations are described for the storage, consolidation and recall of patterns that have been presented only once to a network. With double modifiability, the short-term performance is dramatically improved, becoming almost independent of the amount of long-term experience. The high quality of short-term recall allows consolidation to take place, with benefits from the selection and optimization of long term engrams to take account of relations between stored patterns. Long-term capacity is greater than short-term capacity, with little or no deficit compared with that obtained with singly modifiable synapses. Long-term recall requires special, simply implemented, procedures for increasing the temporary weights of the synapses being used to initiate recall. A consolidation algorithm is described for improving long-term recall when there is overlap between patterns. Confusional errors are reduced by strengthening the associations between non-overlapping elements in the patterns, in a two-stage process that has several of the characteristics of sleep.