在已知的海洋中发现未知:健康监测、知识基础设施和寻求分类出口。

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Science in Context Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI:10.1017/S0269889723000133
Francis Lee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

知识基础结构和分类的社会学研究传统上集中在对事物或人进行分类的政治和实践上。然而,行为者逃避主导基础设施和预先建立的分类系统的工作很少受到关注。针对这一点,本文认为,不仅要分析分类的实践和政治,而且要分析行为者为逃避主流分类制度所做的努力。本文的目的有两个:一是提出对逃避分类的实践予以分析关注,即本文所称的分类出口,为分类研究做出理论贡献。这一概念不仅将我们的注意力引导到对事物进行分类的实践和政治上,而且还引导我们关注行为者在实践中如何逃避或抵制分类系统。其次,本文旨在增加我们对量化和统计健康监测历史的理解。在这篇文章中,本文调查了在20世纪60年代早期沙利度胺灾难之后,健康监测中的参与者如何为监测、量化和检测未知的先天性畸形模式组装知识基础设施。经验性叙述的中心是行动者的工作,以检测先天性畸形和逃避主要的疾病分类学分类,即国际疾病分类(ICD),通过用报告症状的程序标准取代它。因此,本文探讨了行动者如何处理卫生监测实践中已知和分类与未知和未分类现象之间的紧张关系。
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Detecting the unknown in a sea of knowns: Health surveillance, knowledge infrastructures, and the quest for classification egress.

The sociological study of knowledge infrastructures and classification has traditionally focused on the politics and practices of classifying things or people. However, actors' work to escape dominant infrastructures and pre-established classification systems has received little attention. In response to this, this article argues that it is crucial to analyze, not only the practices and politics of classification, but also actors' work to escape dominant classification systems. The article has two aims: First, to make a theoretical contribution to the study of classification by proposing to pay analytical attention to practices of escaping classification, what the article dubs classification egress. This concept directs our attention not only to the practices and politics of classifying things, but also to how actors work to escape or resist classification systems in practice. Second, the article aims to increase our understanding of the history of quantified and statistical health surveillance. In this, the article investigates how actors in health surveillance assembled a knowledge infrastructure for surveilling, quantifying, and detecting unknown patterns of congenital malformations in the wake of the thalidomide disaster in the early 1960s. The empirical account centers on the actors' work to detect congenital malformations and escape the dominant nosological classification of diseases, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), by replacing it with a procedural standard for reporting of symptoms. Thus, the article investigates how actors deal with the tension between the-already-known-and-classified and the unknown-unclassified-phenomenon in health surveillance practice.

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来源期刊
Science in Context
Science in Context 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
1
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Science in Context is an international journal edited at The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, with the support of the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. It is devoted to the study of the sciences from the points of view of comparative epistemology and historical sociology of scientific knowledge. The journal is committed to an interdisciplinary approach to the study of science and its cultural development - it does not segregate considerations drawn from history, philosophy and sociology. Controversies within scientific knowledge and debates about methodology are presented in their contexts.
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