COVID-19:从新出现的变种到疫苗接种

IF 9.3 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.005
Thilini H. Senevirathne , Demi Wekking , Joseph W.R. Swain , Cinzia Solinas , Pushpamali De Silva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

SARS-CoV-2 的迅速传播导致全球数百万人受到感染,不仅破坏了公共医疗保健,还破坏了社会、教育和经济基础设施。随着时间的推移,SARS-CoV-2 不断进化,其基因组在每次复制过程中都会发生突变。这些变异形式的 SARS-CoV-2 又被称为变异体,根据其传播风险的增加、疾病的严重程度、免疫逃逸、当前社会措施有效性的降低以及现有疫苗和疗法,被归类为相关变异体 (VOI) 或关注变异体 (VOC)。COVID-19 疫苗的迅速开发为生物医学研究带来了巨大成功,全世界已接种了数十亿剂疫苗(包括加强剂)。BNT162b2 疫苗(辉瑞-生物技术公司)、mRNA-1273(Moderna 公司)、ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (阿斯利康公司)和 Janssen(强生公司)是四种主要的 COVID-19 疫苗,它们凭借其疗效很早就获得了监管部门的授权。然而,一些 SARS-CoV-2 变异株对现有疫苗或治疗产生了更高的抗药性。自首次报告感染 SARS-CoV-2 至今已有四年,但 Omicron 变种及其亚变种仍在全球范围内感染着人们。尽管如此,COVID-19 疫苗仍有望有效预防 COVID 引起的严重疾病、住院和死亡。在本综述中,我们将全面概述 COVID-19 的流行情况,重点关注 VOC 的演变和疫苗接种策略。
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COVID-19: From emerging variants to vaccination

The vigorous spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the rapid infection of millions of people worldwide and devastation of not only public healthcare, but also social, educational, and economic infrastructures. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 over time is due to the mutations that occurred in the genome during each replication. These mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as variants, were categorized as variants of interest (VOI) or variants of concern (VOC) based on the increased risk of transmissibility, disease severity, immune escape, decreased effectiveness of current social measures, and available vaccines and therapeutics. The swift development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a great success for biomedical research, and billions of vaccine doses, including boosters, have been administered worldwide. BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) are the four major COVID-19 vaccines that received early regulatory authorization based on their efficacy. However, some SARS-CoV-2 variants resulted in higher resistance to available vaccines or treatments. It has been four years since the first reported infection of SARS-CoV-2, yet the Omicron variant and its subvariants are still infecting people worldwide. Despite this, COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on evolution of VOC and vaccination strategies against them.

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来源期刊
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
21.10
自引率
1.50%
发文量
61
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews is a leading publication that focuses on the dynamic fields of growth factor and cytokine research. Our journal offers a platform for authors to disseminate thought-provoking articles such as critical reviews, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, and meeting reviews. We aim to cover important breakthroughs in these rapidly evolving areas, providing valuable insights into the multidisciplinary significance of cytokines and growth factors. Our journal spans various domains including signal transduction, cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development, immunology, tumorigenesis, and clinical medicine. By publishing cutting-edge research and analysis, we aim to influence the way researchers and experts perceive and understand growth factors and cytokines. We encourage novel expressions of ideas and innovative approaches to organizing content, fostering a stimulating environment for knowledge exchange and scientific advancement.
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