美洲的毛羊:经济特征和可持续生产

IF 2.1 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Frontiers in animal science Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI:10.3389/fanim.2023.1195680
L. Dearborn, Bakeerah Abdul-Rahmaan, Michael Pesato, E. Memili, Leyla Rios
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摘要

在美国,长毛羊的重要性及其在动物农业中的地位正在扩大。在可持续农业实践的紧迫性推动下,整合长毛羊以取代其羊毛品种是必不可少的。全球大约10%的羊是长毛羊,但它们的数量和产量每年都在增长。毛羊品种繁多,但在热带国家有一个共同的起源。大多数著名品种都经过精心培育,并与羊毛品种(即摩弗伦羊)杂交,以改善这种动物在经济上的重要性状。这种基因发育已被证明是成功的;毛羊被认为在胴体质量、肉味、产仔数和皮革质量方面具有很高的优势。除了这些重要的经济性状外,毛羊在生产性状方面也具有优势,如抗寄生虫、抗病性、耐热性、精子质量和营养效率。这些已确定的毛羊特征是非常可取的,并有助于毛羊的积极声誉。然而,毛羊也有一些缺点,比如阴囊周长平均或低于平均水平,肉产量较低(尽管质量高),肉中的胆固醇高于羊毛品种,羊毛的缺乏使毛羊容易受到冷应激的影响。这些缺点可以通过遗传选择和生产技术加以减轻。这对进一步发展毛羊的重要性是不容置疑的。本文综述了最常见的毛羊品种的基础和应用科学,希望对学生、科学家和毛羊生产者有所帮助。
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Hair sheep in the Americas: economic traits and sustainable production
The relevance of hair sheep and their place in animal agriculture in the United States is expanding. Fueled by the exigency of sustainable agricultural practices, the integration of hair sheep to replace their wool breed counterparts is essential. Approximately 10% of all sheep globally are hair sheep but they are growing in numbers and production each year. Hair sheep breeds are widely diverse but share a common origin in tropical countries. Most of the prominent breeds were mindfully developed and crossed with wool breeds (namely, the Mouflon sheep) to improve the economically important traits of the animal. This genetic development has proven successful; hair sheep are considered highly advantageous in carcass quality, meat taste, litter size, and leather quality. Aside from those economically important traits, hair sheep are also advantageous in production traits, such as parasitic resistance, disease resistance, heat tolerance, sperm quality, and nutritional efficiency. These identified traits of hair sheep are highly desirable and contribute to the hair sheep’s positive reputation. However, hair sheep pose some disadvantages, such as an average or below average scrotal circumference, lower meat yield (although high in quality), meat with higher cholesterol than that of the wool breeds, and the lack of wool leaving the hair sheep susceptible to cold stress. These disadvantages can be mitigated with genetic selection and production techniques. The importance to further developing hair sheep is irrefutable. This review focuses on the fundamental and applied science of the most common hair sheep breeds and is expected to be useful for students, scientists, and producers of hair sheep.
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