Natural zeolites and zeolite composites for heavy metal removal from contaminated water and their applications in aquaculture Systems: A review

Natural zeolites and composites containing zeolites, with their distinctive physicochemical properties, show great promise and have been applied across various industries, including agriculture, aquaculture, water and wastewater treatment, air purification, and petrochemicals. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in the use of these inorganic adsorbents. The growing environmental concerns related to heavy metal contamination in water sources underscore the need for effective remediation strategies to protect ecosystems and human health. This review explores the diverse applications of natural zeolites and zeolite composites in the context of removing heavy metals from polluted water. A special focus is also given to the structural attributes, composition, and effectiveness of zeolites and zeolite composites. The review delves into their extensive utilization, with insights into their adsorption capabilities and mechanisms influencing performance. In addition, the review highlights the potential significance of these materials in aquaculture systems, particularly their role in mitigating waterborne heavy metal contaminants and enhancing environmental sustainability. By synthesizing current research findings, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted roles of natural zeolites and zeolite composites in heavy metal remediation in polluted water and their relevance in aquaculture practices.