最小核心度较小的边缘关键图的过度丰满性

Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI:10.1002/jgt.23069
Yan Cao, Guantao Chen, Guangming Jing, Songling Shan
{"title":"最小核心度较小的边缘关键图的过度丰满性","authors":"Yan Cao,&nbsp;Guantao Chen,&nbsp;Guangming Jing,&nbsp;Songling Shan","doi":"10.1002/jgt.23069","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> be a simple graph. Let <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>Δ</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\rm{\\Delta }}(G)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>χ</mi>\n \n <mo>′</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\chi ^{\\prime} (G)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> be the maximum degree and the chromatic index of <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, respectively. We call <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> <i>overfull</i> if <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mo>∣</mo>\n \n <mi>E</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>∣</mo>\n \n <mo>∕</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>⌊</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>∣</mo>\n \n <mi>V</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>∣</mo>\n \n <mo>∕</mo>\n \n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>⌋</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>&gt;</mo>\n \n <mi>Δ</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $| E(G)| \\unicode{x02215}\\lfloor | V(G)| \\unicode{x02215}2\\rfloor \\gt {\\rm{\\Delta }}(G)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, and <i>critical</i> if <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>χ</mi>\n \n <mo>′</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>H</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>&lt;</mo>\n \n <mi>χ</mi>\n \n <mo>′</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\chi ^{\\prime} (H)\\lt \\chi ^{\\prime} (G)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for every proper subgraph <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>H</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $H$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> of <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. Clearly, if <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is overfull then <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>χ</mi>\n \n <mo>′</mo>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>=</mo>\n \n <mi>Δ</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>+</mo>\n \n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\chi ^{\\prime} (G)={\\rm{\\Delta }}(G)+1$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. The <i>core</i> of <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, denoted by <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mi>Δ</mi>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${G}_{{\\rm{\\Delta }}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, is the subgraph of <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> induced by all its maximum degree vertices. We believe that utilizing the core degree condition could be considered as an approach to attack the overfull conjecture. Along this direction, we in this paper show that for any integer <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>k</mi>\n \n <mo>≥</mo>\n \n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $k\\ge 2$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, if <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is critical with <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>Δ</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>≥</mo>\n \n <mfrac>\n <mn>2</mn>\n \n <mn>3</mn>\n </mfrac>\n \n <mi>n</mi>\n \n <mo>+</mo>\n \n <mfrac>\n <mrow>\n <mn>3</mn>\n \n <mi>k</mi>\n </mrow>\n \n <mn>2</mn>\n </mfrac>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\rm{\\Delta }}(G)\\ge \\frac{2}{3}n+\\frac{3k}{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>δ</mi>\n \n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <msub>\n <mi>G</mi>\n \n <mi>Δ</mi>\n </msub>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>≤</mo>\n \n <mi>k</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\delta ({G}_{{\\rm{\\Delta }}})\\le k$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, then <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is overfull.</p>","PeriodicalId":0,"journal":{"name":"","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Overfullness of edge-critical graphs with small minimal core degree\",\"authors\":\"Yan Cao,&nbsp;Guantao Chen,&nbsp;Guangming Jing,&nbsp;Songling Shan\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jgt.23069\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Let <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> be a simple graph. Let <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>Δ</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${\\\\rm{\\\\Delta }}(G)$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>χ</mi>\\n \\n <mo>′</mo>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\chi ^{\\\\prime} (G)$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> be the maximum degree and the chromatic index of <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, respectively. We call <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> <i>overfull</i> if <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>∣</mo>\\n \\n <mi>E</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>∣</mo>\\n \\n <mo>∕</mo>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>⌊</mo>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>∣</mo>\\n \\n <mi>V</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>∣</mo>\\n \\n <mo>∕</mo>\\n \\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>⌋</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>&gt;</mo>\\n \\n <mi>Δ</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $| E(G)| \\\\unicode{x02215}\\\\lfloor | V(G)| \\\\unicode{x02215}2\\\\rfloor \\\\gt {\\\\rm{\\\\Delta }}(G)$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, and <i>critical</i> if <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>χ</mi>\\n \\n <mo>′</mo>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>H</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>&lt;</mo>\\n \\n <mi>χ</mi>\\n \\n <mo>′</mo>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\chi ^{\\\\prime} (H)\\\\lt \\\\chi ^{\\\\prime} (G)$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for every proper subgraph <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>H</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $H$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> of <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. Clearly, if <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is overfull then <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>χ</mi>\\n \\n <mo>′</mo>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>=</mo>\\n \\n <mi>Δ</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>+</mo>\\n \\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\chi ^{\\\\prime} (G)={\\\\rm{\\\\Delta }}(G)+1$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. The <i>core</i> of <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, denoted by <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mi>Δ</mi>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${G}_{{\\\\rm{\\\\Delta }}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, is the subgraph of <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> induced by all its maximum degree vertices. We believe that utilizing the core degree condition could be considered as an approach to attack the overfull conjecture. Along this direction, we in this paper show that for any integer <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>k</mi>\\n \\n <mo>≥</mo>\\n \\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $k\\\\ge 2$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, if <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is critical with <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>Δ</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>≥</mo>\\n \\n <mfrac>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n \\n <mn>3</mn>\\n </mfrac>\\n \\n <mi>n</mi>\\n \\n <mo>+</mo>\\n \\n <mfrac>\\n <mrow>\\n <mn>3</mn>\\n \\n <mi>k</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mfrac>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${\\\\rm{\\\\Delta }}(G)\\\\ge \\\\frac{2}{3}n+\\\\frac{3k}{2}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>δ</mi>\\n \\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <msub>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n \\n <mi>Δ</mi>\\n </msub>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n \\n <mi>k</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\delta ({G}_{{\\\\rm{\\\\Delta }}})\\\\le k$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, then <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is overfull.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":0,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgt.23069\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgt.23069","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

让 G$G$ 是一个简单图。让 Δ(G)${rm{\Delta }}(G)$ 和 χ′(G)$chi ^{\prime} (G)$ 分别为 G$G$ 的最大度数和色度指数。如果∣E(G)∣∕⌊∣V(G)∣∕2⌋>Δ(G)$| E(G)| \unicode{x02215}\lfloor | V(G)| \unicode{x02215}2\rfloor \gt {\rm{Delta }}(G)$ ,我们称 G$G$ 为 overfull;如果 χ′(H)<;χ′(G)$\chi ^{\prime} (H)\lt \chi ^{\prime} (G)$ 对于 G$G$ 的每个适当子图 H$H$ 都是临界的。显然,如果 G$G$ 是过满的,那么 χ′(G)=Δ(G)+1$\chi ^{\prime} (G)={rm{\Delta }}(G)+1$.G$G$ 的核心用 GΔ${G}_{{\rm\{Delta }}$ 表示,是由 G$G$ 的所有最大度顶点引起的子图。我们认为,利用核心度条件可以被视为攻克过全猜想的一种方法。沿着这个方向,我们在本文中证明,对于任意整数 k≥2$k\ge 2$、if G$G$ is critical with Δ(G)≥23n+3k2$\{rm\{Delta }}(G)\ge \frac{2}{3}n+\frac{3k}{2}$ and δ(GΔ)≤k$\delta ({G}_{\rm\{Delta }}})\le k$, then G$G$ is overfull.
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Overfullness of edge-critical graphs with small minimal core degree

Let G $G$ be a simple graph. Let Δ ( G ) ${\rm{\Delta }}(G)$ and χ ( G ) $\chi ^{\prime} (G)$ be the maximum degree and the chromatic index of G $G$ , respectively. We call G $G$ overfull if E ( G ) V ( G ) 2 > Δ ( G ) $| E(G)| \unicode{x02215}\lfloor | V(G)| \unicode{x02215}2\rfloor \gt {\rm{\Delta }}(G)$ , and critical if χ ( H ) < χ ( G ) $\chi ^{\prime} (H)\lt \chi ^{\prime} (G)$ for every proper subgraph H $H$ of G $G$ . Clearly, if G $G$ is overfull then χ ( G ) = Δ ( G ) + 1 $\chi ^{\prime} (G)={\rm{\Delta }}(G)+1$ . The core of G $G$ , denoted by G Δ ${G}_{{\rm{\Delta }}}$ , is the subgraph of G $G$ induced by all its maximum degree vertices. We believe that utilizing the core degree condition could be considered as an approach to attack the overfull conjecture. Along this direction, we in this paper show that for any integer k 2 $k\ge 2$ , if G $G$ is critical with Δ ( G ) 2 3 n + 3 k 2 ${\rm{\Delta }}(G)\ge \frac{2}{3}n+\frac{3k}{2}$ and δ ( G Δ ) k $\delta ({G}_{{\rm{\Delta }}})\le k$ , then G $G$ is overfull.

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