Nano pharmaceutical delivery in combating colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), ranking as the third most common cancer globally, is associated with a high death rate. The colon, also known as the large intestine, is the site where colorectal cancer initially develops. It is a lengthy tube that facilitates the passage of digested food to the rectum and ultimately out of the body. CRC has the potential to affect other organs or regions of the body if not diagnosed or treated earlier. Delivering precise medications in a site-specific and target-oriented manner can improve chronic disease therapy in various ways. In recent years, there have been a number of innovations in nanomedicine (including chemotherapeutic medicines, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents, and other such applications) for the treatment of various diseases, including CRC. The current review provides an up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in the field of nanomedicines and nano-based drug delivery systems for the CRC treatment. An in-depth investigation has been conducted into the study of nanomaterials such as liposomes, metal, polymeric and peptides nanomaterials, exploring their potential applications in enhancing the efficacy of both new and existing drugs. This review also focuses on the opportunities and challenges posed by nanomedicines in delivering drugs derived from natural and synthetic sources. Additionally, information on advancements and future prospects in the field of nanomedicine is provided.