Systematics and Distributions of Upper Bathyal Species in Bathyancistrolepis, a Deep-Sea Whelk Genus Endemic to the Northwest Pacific (Gastropoda: Buccinidae).

The deep-sea buccinid snail genus Bathyancistrolepis is redefined based on the reconstruction of a molecular phylogeny and morphological examination of shell and radular characters. This genus is distinguished from other genera of the subfamily Parancistrolepidinae with a combination of shell traits, including (1) a low spire, (2) sharp, carinate spiral cords or keels and (3) a long, curved siphonal canal, but not with a difference in radular morphology as suggested by previous authors. Three allopatric or parapatric species are recognized in the upper bathyal (447-2057 m) waters around Japan and Taiwan: B. tokoyodaensis from off Hokkaido to Sagami Bay in the Northwest Pacific, B. trochoidea off Kumano-nada to Miyazaki in the Northwest Pacific and along Nansei Islands in the East China Sea, and B. taiwanensis sp. nov. in the South China Sea. These species bear large paucispiral protoconchs that are indicative of benthic early development without a pelagic larval period, and hence low dispersal capability. Seafloor topography seems to have acted as a barrier for their dispersal; the range of B. tokoyodaensis supports the previous finding that Izu Peninsula delimits westward distribution of bathyal gastropod species of boreal origins.