首次报告亚马逊城市居住的濒危灵长类动物 Saguinus bicolor 中的 Mansonella sp.

Cindy Alves Dias, Túllio Romão Ribeiro da Silva, Marcelo Gordo, D. F. Conga, Natália Aparecida de Souza Lima, A. V. S. D. Medeiros, Edson Rodrigues Costa, Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz, Carlos Henrique Aguiar Costa, Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente, Thaís Pinto Nascimento, Francisca Helena Aguiar-Silva, Viviane Costa da Silva, Diogo César Lagroteria, Laerzio Chiesorin Neto, Alessandra Ferreira Dales Nava
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摘要

斑狨(Saguinus bicolor)是一种茧毛类动物,栖息在马瑙斯、里约普雷图达伊娃和伊塔科蒂亚拉市及其郊区的亚马逊森林片段中。因此,这种灵长类动物的生活环境与人类非常接近,而且由于持续不断的人为压力而濒临灭绝,其中栖息地破碎化是最突出的威胁。在这种情况下,需要加大保护力度,并开展更多有关公共卫生的研究,例如研究可能影响这种灵长类动物的传染病,包括涉及蠕虫的传染病。在这项研究中,我们结合尸体解剖、血液涂片显微镜检查和快速泛影染色法,以及巢式聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、桑格测序和枪式测序等分子方法,检测和鉴定了 71 个双色猴样本中的丝虫寄生虫。通过 PCR,我们在 6.45% 的胸腔中检测到了 24 只成虫,在 6.38% 的血液涂片中检测到了微丝蚴,在 28.57% 的阳性血液样本中检测到了丝虫 DNA。我们利用桑格测序法确定了其中 8 条成虫属于盘尾丝虫科,并利用霰弹枪测序法确定了其中 1 条成虫为蟛蜞菊丝虫(Dipetalonema gracile)。在阳性血样中,70.58%为曼氏沙门氏菌,17.64%为双盘虫,11.76%只能确定为盘尾丝虫科。有一次共感染事件涉及到双盘螺母成虫和曼氏丝虫微丝蚴。这是首次报告在 S. bicolor 中检测到 Dipetalonema gracile 和 Mansonella 属,以及共同感染事件,指出这种灵长类动物是一种新的宿主。这也是了解亚马逊地区及其城市丝虫感染情况的又一进展。
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First report of Mansonella sp. and Dipetalonema gracile in the Amazonian city-dwelling threatened primate, Saguinus bicolor
The pied tamarin, or Saguinus bicolor, is a callitrichid that inhabits Amazon Forest fragments encased within the municipalities of Manaus, Rio Preto da Eva, and Itacoatiara and their outskirts. Therefore, this primate lives in great proximity to humans, and is in critical danger of extinction, resulting from ongoing anthropogenic pressures, with habitat fragmentation being the most prominent threat. Greater conservation efforts and more studies concerning public health need to be carried out in this situation, such as the study of infectious diseases that can affect this primate, including those involving helminths. In this study, we combined necropsy, microscopy with blood smears and quick Panoptic stains, and molecular methods like nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region, Sanger sequencing and shotgun sequencing to detect and identify filarial parasites in 71 S. bicolor samples. We detected 24 adult filarial worms in 6.45% of the thoracic cavities, microfilaria in 6.38% from blood smears, and filarial DNA in 28.57% positive blood samples via PCR. We identified eight of the adult worms as being from the Onchocercidae family using Sanger sequencing and one specifically as Dipetalonema gracile, using shotgun sequencing. For the positive blood samples, 70.58% of them were for Mansonella sp., 17.64% for Dipetalonema sp., and 11.76% could only be identified as belonging to the Onchocercidae family. There was an event of coinfection that involved Dipetalonema sp. adult worm and Mansonella sp. microfilaria. This is the first report of the detection of Dipetalonema gracile and the genus Mansonella in S. bicolor, as well as an event of coinfection, pointing out this primate as a new host. It is also another step to understand the situation of filarial infections occurring in Amazonian Regions and its municipalities.
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