玉米无性植株的严重落叶不会降低谷物产量:行动阈值的进一步影响

IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY Southwestern Entomologist Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.3958/059.048.0404
Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要人们普遍认为,玉米(Zea mays L.)的早期落叶对粮食的最高产量是一个重大风险。然而,几项旨在评估减少叶面积的生物和非生物因素的研究却报告了截然不同的结果。当玉米在长出第七片叶子(V7 阶段)之前遭受落叶时,植株通常可以在不影响谷物产量的情况下进行补偿。在 20 篇提供经验信息的综述出版物中,75% 的出版物指出,当植株小于 V7 期时,严重落叶不会影响玉米产量。我们介绍了马里兰州六个玉米杂交种、品系和一个陆地品种在达到 V7 之前一次、两次或三次严重落叶(75%)的田间结果。结果表明,尽管多次严重落叶,但谷物产量没有显著差异(P > 0.05)。尽管有七次落叶,但每次落叶的产量与完整植株的产量没有差异。V2 期的一次早期落叶比未落叶的对照产量要高(P < 0.05)。结果证实,玉米有能力补偿或过度补偿无性阶段的落叶。本文还结合近期对以往研究的回顾对结果进行了讨论。当务之急是重新考虑不必要的建议,即在玉米植株尚未长出第七片叶子时使用杀虫剂来对付玉米落叶器。总结。玉米(Zea mays L.)的早期落叶被认为会降低最高产量的潜力。然而,旨在测量减少叶面积的生物和非生物因素的研究却得出了截然不同的结果。当玉米在长出第七片叶子(V7)之前落叶时,植物可以补偿损失而不影响产量。75%的文献提供的经验数据表明,当植株未长到 V7 期时,严重落叶不会影响产量。我们介绍了在马里兰州对六个杂交栽培品种、品系和一个克里奥罗进行的田间试验结果,在第七片叶子长出之前,75% 的叶子被剪掉了一次、两次和三次。尽管在七个不同时期频繁且大量落叶,但产量并未下降(P > 0.05)。第二叶期的一次落叶(V2)比不落叶的处理(对照)产量更高(P < 0.05)。这些结果证实,玉米有能力补偿甚至过度补偿早期严重的叶片脱落。我们对初步研究结果进行了讨论。当务之急是重新考虑不必要的建议,即在玉米未进入 V7 阶段时施用杀虫剂防治落叶病。
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Severe Defoliation of Vegetative Maize Plants Does Not Reduce Grain Yield: Further Implications with Action Thresholds
Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.
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来源期刊
Southwestern Entomologist
Southwestern Entomologist 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
25.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication in the Southwestern Entomologist should report results of entomological research in the southwestern United States or Mexico or should report results of studies on entomological species, relevant to this region, which may be done elsewhere, provided such results are geographically applicable. Manuscripts that report results of routine laboratory or field experiments for which the primary purpose is gathering baseline data or those that report results of a continuous evaluation program such as preliminary pesticide evaluation experiments, species lists with no supporting biological data, or preliminary plant resistance evaluations are not acceptable. However, reports of experiments with insecticides, acaricides, and microbials are acceptable if they are comprehensive and include data related to economics, resistance, toxicology, or other broad subject areas. Bibliographies will not be published in Southwestern Entomologist.
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