Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison
{"title":"玉米无性植株的严重落叶不会降低谷物产量:行动阈值的进一步影响","authors":"Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0404","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"7 4","pages":"791 - 804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Severe Defoliation of Vegetative Maize Plants Does Not Reduce Grain Yield: Further Implications with Action Thresholds\",\"authors\":\"Carlos A. Blanco, Gerardo Hernandez, Kevin Conover, G. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, Maribel Portilla, Craig A. Abel, Paul Williams, William D. Hutchison\",\"doi\":\"10.3958/059.048.0404\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.\",\"PeriodicalId\":21930,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Southwestern Entomologist\",\"volume\":\"7 4\",\"pages\":\"791 - 804\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Southwestern Entomologist\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0404\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ENTOMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Southwestern Entomologist","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0404","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe Defoliation of Vegetative Maize Plants Does Not Reduce Grain Yield: Further Implications with Action Thresholds
Abstract. It is commonly perceived that early defoliation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant risk for maximum grain yields. However, several studies designed to assess biotic and abiotic factors that reduce leaf area reported contrasting results. When maize suffers defoliation before developing its seventh leaf (V7 stage), plants can often compensate without impacting grain production. Seventy-five percent of 20 reviewed publications that offer empirical information indicated severe defoliation did not affect maize yield when plants were less than V7. We present field results for six maize hybrids, lines, and a landrace with severe (75%) defoliation one, two, or three times before reaching V7, in Maryland. Results showed that despite multiple, severe defoliation, there were no significant differences in grain yield (P > 0.05). Despite seven amounts of defoliation, yields for each defoliation amount did not differ from yields for intact plants. One early defoliation at V2 significantly produced more grain than did the nondefoliated check (P < 0.05). Results confirm the ability of maize to compensate or over-compensate for vegetative-stage defoliation. Results are also discussed in relation to recent reviews of previous studies. It is imperative to reconsider unnecessary recommendations to apply insecticide against maize defoliators when maize plants have yet to develop the seventh leaf. Resumen. Se considera que la defoliación temprana del maíz (Zea mays L.) disminuye las posibilidades de obtener máximos rendimientos. Sin embargo, estudios diseñados para medir los factores bióticos y abióticos que reducen el área foliar han producido resultados contrastantes. Cuando el maíz es defoliado antes de que desarrolle la séptima hoja (V7), las plantas pueden compensar la pérdida sin impactar el rendimiento. Setenta y cinco por ciento de las publicaciones que proveen información empírica indican que la defoliación severa no afecta el rendimiento cuando las plantas no han llegado a la etapa V7. Presentamos resultados de campo en Maryland, con seis cultivares híbridos, líneas y un criollo a los cuales se les cortó 75% del follaje una, dos y tres veces antes del desarrollo de la séptima hoja. A pesar de la frecuente y alta defoliación en siete diferentes momentos, el rendimiento no disminuyó (P > 0.05). Una sola defoliación en la etapa de la segunda hoja (V2) produjo más grano que el tratamiento sin defoliación (control) (P < 0.05). Estos resultados confirman la capacidad del maíz para compensar y hasta sobre compensar la pérdida severa del follaje en etapas tempranas. Nuestros resultados se discuten haciendo referencia a estudios preliminares. Es imperativo reconsiderar las recomendaciones innecesarias de aplicar insecticida contra defoliadores cuando el maíz no ha llegado a la etapa V7.
期刊介绍:
Manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication in the Southwestern Entomologist should report results of entomological research in the southwestern United States or Mexico or should report results of studies on entomological species, relevant to this region, which may be done elsewhere, provided such results are geographically applicable. Manuscripts that report results of routine laboratory or field experiments for which the primary purpose is gathering baseline data or those that report results of a continuous evaluation program such as preliminary pesticide evaluation experiments, species lists with no supporting biological data, or preliminary plant resistance evaluations are not acceptable. However, reports of experiments with insecticides, acaricides, and microbials are acceptable if they are comprehensive and include data related to economics, resistance, toxicology, or other broad subject areas. Bibliographies will not be published in Southwestern Entomologist.