超越百分之二:北约负担分担的优先模式

David Rubin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文认为,北约目前的负担分摊制度--我称之为北约负担分摊的比例模式,要求每个北约成员国至少将其国内生产总值的 2% 用于国防--从纯粹的道德角度来看存在严重缺陷。这是因为比例模式在分配集体防御负担时忽略了两个与道义相关的盟国特征:即个体经济发展水平和个体外部威胁水平。因此,相对于整个联盟的平均水平而言,该模式对经济发展水平特别低的盟国和外部威胁水平特别高的盟国都不公平。文章认为,应该用我所说的北约责任分担的优先主义模式取代比例模式,该模式的基础是分配正义文献中的优先主义规范理论。先验主义模式通过将上述两个盟国层面的特征(经济发展水平和外部威胁程度)以两个行动指南的形式纳入其责任分担体系,在道义上改进了比例模式。因此,优先模式是两种模式中较为公平的一种,北约应予以采用。
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Transcending Two Percent: Toward a Prioritarian Model of NATO Burden-Sharing
This article argues that NATO's current burden-sharing regime, which I term the proportional model of NATO burden-sharing and which obligates each NATO member to allocate at least 2 percent of its GDP to defence, is deeply flawed from a purely ethical standpoint. This is because the proportional model omits from its approach to distributing the burdens of collective defence two morally relevant ally-level characteristics: namely, individual level of economic development and individual level of external threat. The model therefore treats unfairly both those allies characterised by especially low levels of economic development and those allies characterised by especially high levels of external threat, relative in each case to the alliance-wide average. The article argues that the proportional model should be replaced by that I term the prioritarian model of NATO burden-sharing, which is grounded in the normative theory of prioritarianism from the distributive justice literature. The prioritarian model would morally improve upon the proportional model by incorporating the aforementioned two ally-level characteristics (level of economic development and level of external threat) into its burden-sharing system in the form of two action-guiding prescriptions. The prioritarian model is therefore the fairer of the two models and consequently should be adopted by NATO.
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来源期刊
Central European Journal of International and Security Studies
Central European Journal of International and Security Studies Social Sciences-Political Science and International Relations
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: The Central European Journal of International and Security Studies (CEJISS) was founded by Mitchell Belfer (Editor in Chief), David Erkomaishvili (Deputy Editor in Chief), Nigorakhon Turakhanova (Head of the Academic Centre) and Petr Kucera, in December 2006, as an autonomous wing of the Department of International Relations and European Studies at Metropolitan University Prague. The initial goal was to develop, and project globally, a uniquely Central European take on unfolding international and security issues. This entailed an initial “out-reach” programme to attract scholars from throughout the four Central European states – the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic – to participate in the journal as authors and members of the Editorial and (then) Advisory Boards. By the time of the first issue however, it became clear that CEJISS was also capable of acting as a platform for non-Central European scholars to present their academic research to a more regionalised audience. From issue 1:1 in June 2007 until the present, CEJISS has become, quite literally, a two-way street—it helps Central European scholars enter international academia and international scholars enter Central Europe.
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