环形夹杂物对圆形开口薄壁圆柱壳和圆锥壳应力集中度影响的计算机模拟

E.L. Hart, O. O. Semencha
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摘要

壳体结构广泛应用于各行各业,如航空航天业、石油和天然气工业、电力工程、机械工程、建筑业等。由于其设计或制造特点,其完整性可能会因各种开口的存在而受到破坏,并在开口周围产生局部应力。如何减少开口周围的应力集中是可变形固体力学中的一个重要问题。本文介绍了对带有圆形开口的薄壁圆柱形和截顶圆锥形壳体的应力场和应变场进行计算机模拟和有限元分析的结果,这些壳体周围存在环形夹杂物,夹杂物的材料特性与壳体的主材料不同。研究了夹杂物的弹性模量及其几何参数对开口附近应力和应变集中的影响。研究考虑了几种夹层材料和夹层宽度。还考虑了位于壳平面内的由均匀材料制成的环形夹杂物。计算了局部应力集中区域的应力和应变强度分布。对圆柱形和圆锥形壳体的结果进行了对比分析。研究表明,对于圆柱形和圆锥形壳体,"软 "均质环形内含物的存在可将开口周围的应力集中降低约 13-35%,具体取决于内含物的宽度和弹性模量。内含物的某些几何和机械参数组合会产生 "机械 "效应,即应力集中区从开口边缘转移到内含物-壳体材料界面。对于圆锥形壳体,由于其几何特征,会产生 "圆锥 "效应:应力不仅在开口减弱区附近增加,而且在圆锥基础附近也会增加。
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Computer simulation of the effect of annular inclusions on the stress concentra-tion in thin-walled cylindrical and conical shells with circular openings
Shell structures are used in various industries, such the aerospace industry, the oil and gas industry, power engineering, mechanical engineering, construction, etc. Due to their design or manufacturing features, their integrity may be disrupted by the presence of various openings, around which local stresses develop. Finding ways to reduce stress concentrations around openings is an important problem in deformable solid mechanics. This paper presents the results of a computer simulation and a finite-element analysis of the stress and strain field of thin-walled cylindrical and truncated conical shells with circular openings in the presence of annular inclusions around them made of a material whose properties differ from the main material of the shells. The effect of the elastic modulus of an inclusion and its geometric parameters on the stress and strain concentration in the vicinity of the openings was studied. Several inclusion materials and inclusion widths were considered. An annular inclusion made of a homogeneous material and located in the shell plane was considered. Stress and strain intensity distributions in the local stress concentration zones were calculated. A comparative analysis of the results obtained for cylindrical and conical shells was carried out. The study showed that the presence of a “soft” homogeneous annular inclusion makes it possible to reduce the stress concentration around the opening by ~13–35% depending on the inclusion width and elastic modulus both for a cylindrical and a conical shell. Certain combinations of the geometric and mechanical parameters of the inclusion give rise to a “mechanical” effect, which consists in shifting the stress concentration zone from the opening edge to the inclusion – shell material interface. For conical shells, due to their geometric features, a “conical” effect occurs: the stresses increase not only in the vicinity of the opening-weakened zone, but also near the cone basis.
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