The Lushanmao site and the formation of the Xitu type architectural tradition

Abstract Large courtyard complexes in the pre-Qin times can be divided into two systems: the Xitu (northwest China) type and the Central Plains type. The former is characterized by the rammed earth construction and prevailed in the Loess Plateau; by contrast, the latter was well-known for the wattle-and-daub technology and widespread in the Central Plains and surrounding regions. The archaeological discoveries at Lushanmao suggest that the Xitu-type courtyard complexes were in use no later than the late Longshan period and lasted for nearly two thousand years. Both the two systems may have their origin in the late Yangshao period. The Xitu type indicates the influence of South China while the Central Plains type was formed due to a combination of the changes in climate, environment, and resources. Courtyard complexes underwent two major shifts during the early and late Western Zhou, suggesting the major changes in political strategies employed by the Zhou people to maintain their cultural traditions.