揭示高山岩溶含水层中浸润带的功能:米戈韦奇洞穴系统(斯洛文尼亚西北部,朱利安阿尔卑斯山)示踪试验的新发现

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI:10.3986/ac.v52i2-3.13348
F. Gabrovšek, Matej Blatnik, N. Ravbar, Jana Čarga, Miha Staut, M. Petrič
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高山岩溶和岩溶高原的含水层是丰富的水资源。由于它们在活跃的构造环境中的演化过程十分复杂,部分属于冰川喀斯特地貌,而且非饱和带最厚可达两公里,因此很难确定其特征。我们介绍并讨论了在朱利安阿尔卑斯山(斯洛文尼亚)的高山岩溶,更确切地说,是在斯洛文尼亚最长的洞穴系统--米戈韦茨系统(长度 = 43 公里,深度 = 972 米)中进行的追踪测试结果。该洞穴延伸至山脊下方,山脊将索查河谷和萨瓦河谷分隔开来,从而形成亚得里亚海盆地和黑海盆地之间的地形分界线,这使得该测试具有更大的区域意义。2019 年 9 月初,三公斤尿氨酸被注入该系统偏远地区的一个栖息湖中,该栖息湖位于高原下方约 900 米处,比低水位高出 100 米。通过人工或仪器采样以及野外荧光计,对山谷两侧所有已知泉水进行了监测。由于季节出乎意料地干旱,在 11 月初的一场大雨之前的两个月里,没有在任何地点检测到示踪剂。随后,约 60-65% 的示踪剂在 60 小时内出现在托尔明卡河。其他地点没有检测到示踪剂,要么是因为示踪剂不存在,要么是因为示踪剂被高度稀释。研究结果表明,含有示踪剂的湖泊被岩层流绕过,示踪剂只有在大事件发生时才被调动起来,此时湖泊成为上游水流的一部分。从注入点到托尔明卡泉的线性峰值流速仅约为 1.7 米/小时。然而,假设示踪剂仅在大雨时才被移动,则流速将达到 70 米/小时。这项研究强调了在高山岩溶系统中进行水追踪所面临的挑战和陷阱,并提出了避免这些挑战和陷阱的方法。
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Unraveling the functioning of the vadose zone in alpine karst aquifers: New insights from a tracer test in the Migovec cave system (Julian alps, NW Slovenia)
The aquifers of alpine karst and high karst plateaus are abundant water resources. They are difficult to characterise due to their complex, partly glaciokarstic, evolution in active tectonic environments, and an unsaturated zone up to two kilometres thick. We present and discuss the results of a tracing test in the alpine karst of the Julian Alps (Slovenia), more precisely in the Migovec System, the longest cave system in Slovenia (length = 43 km, depth = 972 m). The cave extends below a mountain ridge that separates the Soča and Sava Valleys, thus forming a topographic divide between the Adriatic and Black Sea basins, which gives the test greater regional significance. In early September 2019, three kilograms of uranine were injected into a perched lake in a remote part of the system, approximately 900 metres below the plateau and 100 metres above the low water table. All known springs in the valleys on either side of the mountain were monitored by manual or instrumental sampling and a field fluorometer. Due to the unexpectedly dry season, no tracer was detected at any site for two months until a heavy rainfall event in early November. Subsequently, about 60-65 % of the tracer mass appeared within 60 hours in the Tolminka River. No tracer was detected at other sites, either becauseit was not present or because it was highly diluted. The study suggests that the lake containing the tracer is bypassed by the vadose flow and that the tracer was only mobilised during large events when the lake became part of the epihreatic flow. The linear peak flow velocity from the injection site to the Tolminka Spring was only about 1.7 m/h. However, assuming that the tracer was only mobilised by the large rain event, the velocity would be 70 m/h. The study highlights the challenges and pitfalls of water tracing in alpine karst systems and suggests ways to avoid them.
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来源期刊
Acta Carsologica
Acta Carsologica 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
14.30%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Karst areas occupy 10-20 % of ice-free land. Dissolution of rock by natural waters has given rise to specific landscape and underground. Karst surface features and caves have attracted man''s curiosity since the dawn of humanity and have been a focus to scientific studies since more than half of millennia. Acta Carsologica publishes original research papers and reviews, letters, essays and reports covering topics related to specific of karst areas. These comprise, but are not limited to karst geology, hydrology, and geomorphology, speleology, hydrogeology, biospeleology and history of karst science.
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