More than a name: Mid-Cretaceous amber fossils link crickets and mole crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera)

Grylloidea (crickets) and Gryllotalpoidea (mole crickets and ant crickets) are relatively ancient lineages within Orthoptera but their fossil records are not very rich. They are currently considered sister clades within the Gryllidea but with obvious differences in morphology and ecological adaptations. We report a new gryllidean family, †Pseudogryllotalpidae fam. nov. with three new genera and four new species, viz. †Pseudogryllotalpa scalprata gen. et sp. nov., †Unidigitus longialatus gen. et sp. nov., †Petilus zhengi gen. et sp. nov. and †Chunxiania fascia sp. nov. from the mid-Cretaceous of northern Myanmar (ca. 99 million years ago). Their external and short ovipositors and their modified fossorial forelegs suggest a soil-inhabiting preference. This new family exhibits a series of ‘intermediate’ character states between Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea and seems to be a ‘transitional’ fossil group linking these two superfamilies. This new family was resolved as a sister group of the extant Gryllotalpoidea and provides a new insight into the relationship and evolution of Grylloidea and Gryllotalpoidea.