{"title":"度量空间上等距物的定点定理","authors":"Andrzej Wiśnicki","doi":"10.1515/forum-2023-0193","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We show that if <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> is a complete metric space with uniform relative normal structure and <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is a subgroup of the isometry group of <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> with bounded orbits, then there is a point in <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> fixed by every isometry in <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. As a corollary, we obtain a theorem of U. Lang (2013) concerning injective metric spaces. A few applications of this theorem are given to the problems of inner derivations. In particular, we show that if <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>μ</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0087.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{L_{1}(\\mu)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is an essential Banach <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0086.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{L_{1}(G)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-bimodule, then any continuous derivation <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mo>:</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo>→</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>μ</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0136.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{\\delta:L_{1}(G)\\rightarrow L_{\\infty}(\\mu)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is inner. This extends a theorem of B. E. Johnson (1991) asserting that the convolution algebra <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0086.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{L_{1}(G)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is weakly amenable if <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is a locally compact group.","PeriodicalId":12433,"journal":{"name":"Forum Mathematicum","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A fixed point theorem for isometries on a metric space\",\"authors\":\"Andrzej Wiśnicki\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/forum-2023-0193\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We show that if <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> is a complete metric space with uniform relative normal structure and <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is a subgroup of the isometry group of <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> with bounded orbits, then there is a point in <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> fixed by every isometry in <jats:italic>G</jats:italic>. As a corollary, we obtain a theorem of U. Lang (2013) concerning injective metric spaces. A few applications of this theorem are given to the problems of inner derivations. In particular, we show that if <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>μ</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0087.png\\\" /> <jats:tex-math>{L_{1}(\\\\mu)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is an essential Banach <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0086.png\\\" /> <jats:tex-math>{L_{1}(G)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-bimodule, then any continuous derivation <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>δ</m:mi> <m:mo>:</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo>→</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">∞</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>μ</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0136.png\\\" /> <jats:tex-math>{\\\\delta:L_{1}(G)\\\\rightarrow L_{\\\\infty}(\\\\mu)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is inner. This extends a theorem of B. E. Johnson (1991) asserting that the convolution algebra <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_forum-2023-0193_eq_0086.png\\\" /> <jats:tex-math>{L_{1}(G)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> is weakly amenable if <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is a locally compact group.\",\"PeriodicalId\":12433,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forum Mathematicum\",\"volume\":\"8 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forum Mathematicum\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1515/forum-2023-0193\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forum Mathematicum","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1515/forum-2023-0193","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
我们证明,如果 X 是具有均匀相对法向结构的完全度量空间,而 G 是 X 的有界轨道等值群的一个子群,那么 X 中存在一个被 G 中的每个等值固定的点。这个定理在内层衍生问题上有一些应用。特别是,我们证明了如果 L 1 ( μ ) {L_{1}(\mu)} 是一个本质的巴纳赫 L 1 ( G ) {L_{1}(G)} - 二模子,那么任何连续求导 δ : L 1 ( G ) → L ∞ ( μ ) {\delta:L_{1}(G)\rightarrow L_{\infty}(\mu)} 都是内求导。这扩展了 B. E. Johnson (1991) 的一个定理,即如果 G 是局部紧凑群,卷积代数 L 1 ( G ) {L_{1}(G)} 是弱可变的。
A fixed point theorem for isometries on a metric space
We show that if X is a complete metric space with uniform relative normal structure and G is a subgroup of the isometry group of X with bounded orbits, then there is a point in X fixed by every isometry in G. As a corollary, we obtain a theorem of U. Lang (2013) concerning injective metric spaces. A few applications of this theorem are given to the problems of inner derivations. In particular, we show that if L1(μ){L_{1}(\mu)} is an essential Banach L1(G){L_{1}(G)}-bimodule, then any continuous derivation δ:L1(G)→L∞(μ){\delta:L_{1}(G)\rightarrow L_{\infty}(\mu)} is inner. This extends a theorem of B. E. Johnson (1991) asserting that the convolution algebra L1(G){L_{1}(G)} is weakly amenable if G is a locally compact group.
期刊介绍:
Forum Mathematicum is a general mathematics journal, which is devoted to the publication of research articles in all fields of pure and applied mathematics, including mathematical physics. Forum Mathematicum belongs to the top 50 journals in pure and applied mathematics, as measured by citation impact.