撒哈拉以南非洲 COVID-19 大流行期间家庭替代献血者和自愿无偿献血者中输血传播感染的血清流行率

M. Gadji, Y. Guéye, David Motto, Saliou Diop
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:据世界卫生组织称,定期、自愿、无偿献血者是最安全的献血者群体,因为他们的血液传播感染率最低。然而,家庭/替代献血者在撒哈拉以南非洲地区被广泛使用,这种做法在 COVID 19 大流行期间更加严重。本研究旨在比较 COVID 19 大流行期间撒哈拉以南非洲某国家庭替代献血者和自愿无偿献血者的感染性标志物血清流行率。 材料和方法 本研究纳入了 2021 年 8 月 1 日至 10 月 31 日期间达喀尔国家输血中心(NBTC)接收的献血者。所有献血者都填写了献血前问卷。献血者的身份、流行病学参数、献血原因和实验室结果均通过国家输血中心的 Inlog® 软件收集。HBV、HIV 和 HCV 血清学检测采用化学发光技术进行。快速血浆试剂测试用于检测三联体抗体。ABO 和 Rh 血型的测定采用单克隆抗血清,在平板上进行经典的血凝试验。 结果 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,共收集了 5002 名献血者。血亲/替代献血者占 54.0%,新的自愿献血者占 52.6%。艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和梅毒标志物血清流行率的比较显示,新的自愿献血者和新的家庭替代献血者之间没有统计学上的显著差异(P>0.05)。然而,新的家庭替代献血者的 HBV 血清阳性率明显更高(p=0,002)。 结论 COVID-19 大流行对血液的正常供应造成了影响,而替代献血者的献血则为限制血液短缺造成的损害做出了贡献。然而,自愿无偿献血者和家庭/替代献血者的输血传播感染血清阳性率存在明显差异,这加强了世界卫生组织关于选择自愿无偿献血者以降低撒哈拉以南非洲地区输血传播 HBV 感染率的建议。
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Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among family replacement donors and voluntary non-remunerated blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic in sub Saharan Africa
Introduction : According to WHO,  regular, voluntary, unpaid blood donors are the safest group of donors, as they have the lowest prevalence of blood transmitted infections. However, family/replacement blood donors is widely used in sub Saharan Africa and this practice was exacerbated during the COVID 19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare the seroprevalence of infectious markers in family replacement blood donors and voluntary non-remunerated  blood donors during the COVID 19 pandemic in a country of sub Saharan Africa.   Materials and Methods Blood donors received at the National Centre of Blood Transfusion (NBTC) of Dakar from August 1st to October 31th 2021, were included in this study. All donors completed a pre-donation questionnaire. Donors identity, epidemiological parameters, reasons for donation and laboratory results were collected in the Inlog® software of the NBTC. The serological tests for HBV, HIV and HCV were performed with chemiluminescence technology. The Rapid Plasma Reagent test was used to find out treponemal antibodies. The determination of ABO and Rh blood groups was performed using monoclonal antisera following classical hemagglutination test on a plate. Results A total of 5002 donors were collected during this COVID-19 pandemic period. Blood family/replacement donors represented 54.0% and new voluntary donors represented 52.6%. Comparison of HIV, HCV and syphilis markers seroprevalence showed no statistically significant difference between new voluntary donors and new family replacement donors (p>0.05). However, for HBV the seroprevalence was significantly higher in new family replacement donors (p=0,002). Conclusion The proper supply of blood was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic meanwhile replacement donations had contributed to limiting the damage observed with blood shortages. However, the significant differences noted on the seroprevalences of transfusion-transmissible infections between voluntary non-paid donors and family/replacement donors strengthens WHO recommendations for the selection of volunteer non-paid donors to lower transfusion-transmissible HBV in sub Saharan Africa.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
113
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reciprocal interdependence between infectious and hematologic diseases (malignant and non-malignant) is well known. This relationship is particularly evident in Mediterranean countries. Parasitosis as Malaria, Leishmaniosis, B Hookworms, Teniasis, very common in the southeast Mediterranean area, infect about a billion people and manifest prevalently with anemia so that they are usually diagnosed mostly by experienced hematologist on blood or bone marrow smear. On the other hand, infections are also a significant problem in patients affected by hematological malignancies. The blood is the primary vector of HIV infection, which otherwise manifest with symptoms related to a reduction in T lymphocytes. In turn, infections can favor the insurgency of hematological malignancies. The causative relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, HIV and lymphoproliferative diseases is well known.
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