瞬态反应堆试验设施辐照后碳化硅覆层孔隙率和裂纹的多尺度表征

IF 3 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI:10.3390/en17010197
Fei Xu, Tiankai Yao, Peng Xu, J. Schulthess, Mario D. Matos, Sean Gonderman, Jack Gazza, Joshua J. Kane, Nikolaus L. Cordes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)包层是目前轻水反应堆应用中事故耐受燃料(ATF)包层的主要候选材料之一。制造缺陷的形态,包括空隙的大小和形状,是影响包层性能和保证反应堆安全的关键挑战之一。因此,量化缺陷的尺寸、位置、分布和泄漏路径对于确定碳化硅 CMC 内核性能至关重要。本研究旨在对不同瞬态反应堆试验设施(TREAT)辐照试验前后不同长度尺度的多尺度表征下的缺陷分布进行定量分析。对经过辐照的碳化硅进行非破坏性多尺度评估将有助于评估生产和/或实验测试中的关键微结构缺陷,从而更好地了解和预测覆层的整体性能。X 射线计算机断层扫描 (XCT) 是一种无损、数据丰富的表征技术,它与较低长度尺度的电子显微镜表征相结合,可提供微尺度的形态和结构表征。本文讨论了利用三维 X 射线图像的图像处理技术检测和分析 SiC-SiC 缺陷的全自动工作流程。在 XCT 数据分析之后,通过聚焦离子束 (FIB) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 进行了高级表征,以验证 XCT 数据的发现,特别是局部纳米尺度 TEM 3D 层析成像数据的定量结果,这些数据被用来补充 3D XCT 结果。在这项工作中,对通用原子公司提供的三个 SiC 样品(两个经过辐照,一个未经过辐照)进行了研究。辐照样品的辐照方式预计会诱发裂纹,而实际上,在这项工作中开发的自动化工作流程能够成功识别和表征辐照样品中缺陷的形成,同时在未辐照样品中未检测到任何裂纹。这些结果证明了自动化 XCT 工具在更好地了解用于核应用的 SiC-SiC 结构中的损伤和损伤传播方面的价值。
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Multi-Scale Characterization of Porosity and Cracks in Silicon Carbide Cladding after Transient Reactor Test Facility Irradiation
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) cladding is currently being pursued as one of the leading candidates for accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding for light water reactor applications. The morphology of fabrication defects, including the size and shape of voids, is one of the key challenges that impacts cladding performance and guarantees reactor safety. Therefore, quantification of defects’ size, location, distribution, and leak paths is critical to determining SiC CMC in-core performance. This research aims to provide quantitative insight into the defect’s distribution under multi-scale characterization at different length scales before and after different Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) irradiation tests. A non-destructive multi-scale evaluation of irradiated SiC will help to assess critical microstructural defects from production and/or experimental testing to better understand and predict overall cladding performance. X-ray computed tomography (XCT), a non-destructive, data-rich characterization technique, is combined with lower length scale electronic microscopic characterization, which provides microscale morphology and structural characterization. This paper discusses a fully automatic workflow to detect and analyze SiC-SiC defects using image processing techniques on 3D X-ray images. Following the XCT data analysis, advanced characterizations from focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted to verify the findings from the XCT data, especially quantitative results from local nano-scale TEM 3D tomography data, which were utilized to complement the 3D XCT results. In this work, three SiC samples (two irradiated and one unirradiated) provided by General Atomics are investigated. The irradiated samples were irradiated in a way that was expected to induce cracking, and indeed, the automated workflow developed in this work was able to successfully identify and characterize the defects formation in the irradiated samples while detecting no observed cracking in the unirradiated sample. These results demonstrate the value of automated XCT tools to better understand the damage and damage propagation in SiC-SiC structures for nuclear applications.
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来源期刊
Energies
Energies ENERGY & FUELS-
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
21.90%
发文量
8045
审稿时长
1.9 months
期刊介绍: Energies (ISSN 1996-1073) is an open access journal of related scientific research, technology development and policy and management studies. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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