创造性和原创性是医学研究的关键因素:2023 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予卡塔林-卡里科和德鲁-魏斯曼的最新例证

Sandor Szabo, Oksana Zayachkivska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

至少一个世纪以来,人们经常争论的一个话题是,在生物医学研究中取得突破的首要因素是什么:原创性/创造性还是先进的方法/设备。在此,我们将简短回顾历史,论证创造性、原创性和坚持不懈的重要性。例如,2023 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了卡塔林-卡里科博士和德鲁-魏斯曼博士,以表彰他们发明和开发基于 mRNA 的 COVID-19 疫苗。卡塔林-卡里科毕生痴迷于将 mRNA 用于癌症治疗,但当 SARS-CoV-2 的结构公布后,她将兴趣转移到了开发基于 mRNA 的新型病毒疫苗上。但由于 mRNA 分子出了名的不稳定,如果注入细胞内很容易降解,因此她与 Weissman 博士合作,后者正在研究将 mRNA 分子送入细胞内的技术。这种具有独创性的疫苗开发团队合作说明了亚历山大-弗莱明(Alexander Flemming)、汉斯-塞利(Hans Selye)、莱昂-波皮尔斯基(Leon Popielski)和詹姆斯-布莱克(James Black)等其他具有创造性的科学家在各自领域的发现。令人遗憾的是,这些科学家中只有两位获得了诺贝尔奖。
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CREATIVITY AND ORIGINALITY ARE KEY ELEMENTS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH: RECENT ILLUSTRATION BY THE 2023 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE TO KATALIN KARIKO AND DREW WEISSMAN
For at least a century, an often-debated topic is what is of primary importance to make breakthrough in biomedical research: originality/creativity or sophisticated methods/equipment. We present here a short historical overview arguing about the importance of creativity, originality, and persistence. Namely, the best living example of this is the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Drs. Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman for the invention and development of mRNA-based vaccine against COVID-19. Katalin Kariko had a life-long obsession to use mRNA for cancer therapy, but when the structure of SARS-CoV-2 was announced, she shifted her interest to develop an mRNA-based vaccine against the new virus. But since the mRNA molecule is notoriously unstable and easily degraded if injected intracellularly, she teamed up with Dr. Weissman who was working on techniques to deliver mRNA molecules intracellularly. This creative teamwork with original ideas of vaccine development illustrates what other creative scientists, like Alexander Flemming, Hans Selye, Leon Popielski and James Black discovered in their fields. The sad part of the story is that only two of these scientists got the Nobel Prize.
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