Dual Extraction Methods for Nitrofuran Antibiotics Residues; Furaltadone, Furazolidone, and Nitrofurazone from Biotransformation Assay

This study aims to extract nitrofuran antibiotics residues, furaltadone, furazolidone, nitrofurazone from biotransformation assays by local Aspergillus tamarii KX610719.1. Nitrofuran antibiotics were quantified by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) were employed to extract nitrofurans residue for the optimal purification and cleaned up procedures. In this study, a good linearity with the coefficient of determination R² value of 0.9951 – 0.9972 mg/L with the concentration range of 1 to 50 mg/L nitrofuran antibiotics was achieved. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for triplicate nitrofurans assay were less than 10.0 %. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) of furazolidone, furaltadone and nitrofurazone were found to be in the range of 2.37 – 10.56 mg/L and 7.17 – 31.99 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the recovery of the nitrofuran antibiotics investigated in biotransformation assays ranged from 70.0 % - 88.0 %. The developed technique was effectively employed to determine nitrofurans residue in biotransformation assays and demonstrated remarkable clean-up capacity.