Research on Ecosystem Service Supply, Demand and Ecological Resilience in the Context of Agriculture-Forestry-Animal Husbandry Composite System in Dibei Zagana, China

In the context of the product service type and multi-level ecosystem of upgrading agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry composite system in Dibei Zagana, China. we conducted a study on ecosystem services to explore the coupling relationship between the matching characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand and ecological resilience. Using multi-source data, we developed various models to assess the supply and demand of five ecosystem services: agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry composite system services, water production, upgrading agriculture-forestry-animal Husbandry composite system, soil conservation, and recreation and leisure. Additionally, we established an ecological resilience index system to quantify ecological resilience. Based on the "ecosystem service supply and demand + ecological resilience" concept, we defined ecological restoration zones. Subsequently, optimization strategies were proposed considering the natural and socio-economic status and development characteristics of these zones. Moreover, differentiated ecological restoration strategies were suggested for various sub-areas. These strategies provide valuable guidelines for the systematic design of ecological restoration projects and serve as methodological references for the scientific preparation of the future comprehensive management plan for the Zagana district.