Innovative Model for Predicting Soil Impact on Patch Antenna Directivity

The radiation pattern of an antenna is heavily contingent upon its physical attributes and the surroundings it operates within. However, the permanent integration of devices into the ground introduces inherent instability into the propagation medium, reliable to spatial and temporal fluctuations in dielectric permittivity. This research introduces a multivariable method that adeptly captures patterns within datasets, facilitating precise prognostication of maximum directivity deviations, reaching approximately 70%. This technique leans on the principles of multiple linear analysis and takes into account soil parameter values. Moreover, our study’s outcomes illustrate that among the four pivotal variables, volumetric moisture wields a pronounced impact on the main lobe magnitude, boasting a noteworthy correlation coefficient of -0.702. In contrast, temperature and bulk density exhibit coefficients of 0.106 and -0.133, respectively. Conversely, the influence of specific density seems to be of minor import. The results obtained fulfill the established aims of this investigation, furnishing designers with indispensable insights to tackle the predicaments that transmitters might confront in such scenarios.