从工程地质学和水文地质学的角度界定薄弱区

А. S. Guseltsev
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摘要

背景。近几十年来,弱化带的概念已广泛应用于地球科学的各个领域。因此,这一概念目前已用于地质学、采矿、地质力学、构造学、地球动力学和地震学。因此,减弱区既可被视为大型断层带(包括扩张带),也可被视为物理和机械特性发生急剧或相当明显变化的区域,并对其进行解释。同时,根据特定的研究任务,研究和记录此类区域的目的也会发生变化。研究虽然没有明确定义和分类,但被广泛称为弱化区的结构。从水文地质学和工程地质学的角度给出该术语的定义。研究基础来自作者在核能设施选址方面的长期经验。主要方法包括收集、归纳和处理作者在实地考察和实验室研究中获得的信息。作者研究了地球科学中被称为软化带的结构,涉及范围相当广泛的山脉和土壤结构和条件。作者从水文地质学和工程地质学的角度提出了弱化带的定义。结论。在对工程设施选址区域进行详细勘测时,应考虑削弱区的概念。据指出,在进行详细勘测时,量化分散土壤中软化带特征的关键在于正确评估土壤参数的空间变化,主要是干土密度和孔隙度。
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Definition of weakened zones from the standpoint of engineering geology and hydrogeology
Background. In recent decades, the concept of weakened zones has become widespread in various fields of Earth science. Thus, this concept is currently used in geology, mining, geomechanics, tectonics, geodynamics, and seismology. As a result, weakened zones can be considered and interpreted both as large fault zones, including dilatancy zones, and zones with sharply or quite noticeably changing physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, the purpose of studying and recording such zones also changes, depending on particular research tasks.Aim. To consider structures that are widely termed as weakened zones, although having received no clear definition and classification. To provide a definition of this term from the standpoint of hydrogeology and engineering geology.Materials and methods. The research basis was formed by the author’s long-term experience in the selection of sites for the location of nuclear energy facilities. The main methods included collection, generalization, and processing of information obtained by the author during fieldwork and laboratory research.Results. The author considers structures that are termed as weakened zones in Earth sciences, concerning a fairly wide range of structures and conditions of mountain ranges and soils. A definition of a weakened zone from the standpoint of hydrogeology and engineering geology is proposed. Various factors indicating the presence of weakened zones and possible negative consequences for engineering structures are considered.Conclusion. The concept of weakened zones should be taken into consideration when conducting detailed surveys of areas for the location of engineering facilities. It is noted that, when carrying out detailed surveys, the key to quantifying the characteristics of weakened zones in dispersed soils consists in a correct assessment of the spatial variability of soil parameters, largely the density of dry soil and porosity.
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