Assessing the impact of urban environments on surface and groundwater recharge in Sofia, Bulgaria: A GIS-based analysis

Urbanisation poses significant challenges to a water resource management, especially in areas where water demand is increasing. This study focuses on the impact of the urban environment on surface and groundwater recharge in Sofia, Bulgaria, using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. The study integrates geospatial data and land use analysis to assess surface and groundwater recharge in an urban environment. The results reveal the complex interplay between urban development and water recharge, providing insight into areas experiencing stress and potential opportunities for sustainable water management. The GIS-based analysis improves understanding of the city‘s hydrological and hydrogeological system and provides information about informed decision-making on water resource sustainability in the face of increasing urbanization.