格陵兰 Pâkitsoq 地区观测和模拟的瓯江水头表明了冰川下河道网络效应

C. Trunz, K. Poinar, L. Andrews, M. Covington, J. Mejia, J. Gulley, Victoria Siegel
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摘要

摘要在格陵兰冰原陆地末端区域的消融带,冰床的水压控制着冰运动的季节性和日变化。在融化季节,大量地表融水通过冰沟进入冰床,从而维持了一个高效的冰下通道系统。通过测量冰沟内的水头,可以推断出这些冰川下通道内的水压。然而,犁沟水头数据非常罕见,而模拟水压波动的冰川下水文模型需要在犁沟或冰川下通道中储水。目前,这种储水的体积和位置都没有得到很好的确定。在这里,我们使用毛林形状(MouSh)模型(该模型可量化随时间变化的冰川储水量)与冰川下通道模型相结合,模拟格陵兰岛西部帕基托斯克(Pâkitosq)一个小毛林的水头测量结果。我们利用实地获取的气象数据计算出的地表融水输入量对模型进行加载。我们对毛乌素水头的一阶模拟要么过高地预测了毛乌素水头的昼夜振荡范围,要么要求毛乌素尺寸过大才能再现观测到的水头振荡范围。我们发现,要想精确地与实地观测到的毛乌素水头相匹配,必须在系统中加入额外的冰川下水流。这种冰川下基底水流可能来自上游的基底融水和非本地地表水输入。我们假设,额外的基流代表了整个沟道化系统中强大的冰川下网络连接,并与我们的小瓯江可能连接到更高阶的冰川下沟道相一致。
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Observed and modeled moulin heads in the Pâkitsoq region of Greenland suggest subglacial channel network effects
Abstract. In the ablation zone of land-terminating areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet, water pressures at the bed control seasonal and daily ice motion variability. During the melt season, large amounts of surface meltwater access the bed through moulins, which sustain an efficient channelized subglacial system. Water pressure within these subglacial channels can be inferred by measuring the hydraulic head within moulins. However, moulin head data are rare, and subglacial hydrology models that simulate water pressure fluctuations require water storage in moulins or subglacial channels. Neither the volume nor the location of such water storage is currently well constrained. Here, we use the Moulin Shape (MouSh) model, which quantifies time-evolving englacial storage, coupled with a subglacial channel model to simulate head measurements from a small moulin in Pâkitosq, western Greenland. We force the model with surface meltwater input calculated using field-acquired weather data. Our first-order simulations of moulin hydraulic head either overpredict the diurnal range of oscillation of the moulin head or require an unrealistically large moulin size to reproduce observed head oscillation ranges. We find that to accurately match field observations of moulin head, additional subglacial water must be added to the system. This subglacial baseflow is likely sourced from basal melt and nonlocal surface water inputs upstream. We hypothesize that the additional baseflow represents strong subglacial network connectivity throughout the channelized system and is consistent with our small moulin likely connecting to a higher-order subglacial channel.
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