The Impact of Family Background, School Experience, and Academic Efficacy on Academic Achievement of College Students in Vietnam

[Purpose] This study examined the impact of family background, school experience, and academic efficacy on academic achievement of college students in Vietnam. [Methods] A research model was derived based on previous research, and data was collected from 415 respondents through an online survey conducted in Vietnam in December 2022, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 25 software. This study used frequency, descriptive statistics, structural equation model analysis, and mediating variable processing techniques as data analysis methods. [Results] Family background was found to have a statistically significant effect on the school experience, academic efficacy, and academic achievement of Vietnamese college students. And academic efficacy was found to have a statistically significant effect on academic achievement. Additionally, academic efficacy was found to play a statistically significant mediating role in the relationship between family background and academic achievement. On the other hand, academic experience among school experiences was found to have a statistically significant impact on academic achievement, but non-academic experience was found to have no statistically significant impact on academic achievement. And school experience did not appear to play a statistically significant mediating role in the relationship between family background and academic achievement. [Conclusion] The results of this study contribute to the academic literature and provide information to educators, especially academic counselors in Vietnamese higher education institutions, about the mediating role of academic efficacy in the relationship between family background and academic achievement. Educators need to consider ways to offset the influence of family background on academic achievement by examining the mediating role of universities.