Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, analysis and identification of water extract of propolis

Apis mellifera is one species of bee that produces propolis, a resin-based product. Propolis extraction using ultrasonic assistance is being widely studied. Using water as a solvent is a challenge to capture the bioactive components of propolis. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical quality resulting from the processing of propolis extract from Central Java by ultrasonics using water as a solvent at different temperatures and times. Raw propolis is extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method at low, medium, and high temperatures. Raw propolis is extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method at low, medium, and high temperatures. The study used nine treatments with three replications. The extraction time was carried out for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The study used nine treatments with three replications. The results of the analysis showed that propolis extraction at different temperatures and times had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), with an average of 6.7–13.3%, 1.10–2.21 mg GAE/mL, and 0.07–0.32 mg QE/mL, respectively. Propolis extraction at different temperatures and times had no significant effect on tannin content, pH, and antioxidant activity. Regarding yield, TPC, TFC, and tannin content values, it was determined that extracting at high temperatures for 30 minutes produced the best results. High temperatures and long timespans are used for the best chance of collecting bioactive components.