Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus Revealing a Polysplenia Syndrome: A Case Report

Polysplenia syndrome is a rare congenital disorder typically diagnosed incidentally during imaging procedures. This syndrome is characterized by multiple spleens along with various vascular and visceral abnormalities. Our case study centers around a 48-year-old woman presenting with a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical esophagus who underwent a computed tomography for her staging workup revealing fortuitously a polysplenia syndrome. The patient showed good progress post-surgery and chemotherapy, with no signs of recurrence. Her polysplenia syndrome, revealed incidentally in adulthood, remained asymptomatic and required no direct therapeutic intervention. Our objective is to highlight the potential of computed tomography in diagnosing and evaluating polysplenia syndrome, and to underline the incidental detection of this rare condition in the adult population. Additionally, we aim to explore its coexistence with other complex abnormalities and the implications for treatment and prognosis.