An optimal dispatch schedule of EVs considering demand response using improved MACD algorithm

The growing popularity of electric vehicles presents a significant challenge to current electric grids since the rising number of these vehicles places additional strain on power systems inside distribution networks. A proposed paradigm is presented for electric vehicles (EVs), which is subsequently partitioned into three distinct dispatching areas to assess its practicality. This study is structured around two primary objectives. The first objective focuses on EV owners aiming to minimize their electricity consumption costs while also receiving compensation for providing services. The second objective involves using an aggregator to establish distinct tariffs for each dispatching area. Additionally, the aggregator aims to shift the charging load demand from peak to off-peak hours and distribute the charging demand to each agent. The authors of this study propose the utilization of a charging and discharging coordination method, specifically the Multi-Agents Charging and Discharging (MACD) algorithm, as a means to successfully tackle the issue of charging demand during peak hours. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to effectively handle the increased charging requirements during peak periods by using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies within the context of Smart Grid systems and electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Importantly, this reduction is achieved without compromising the performance of electric vehicles (EVs) or the convenience experienced by EV owners. The algorithm under consideration demonstrates reduced power charging costs for various sectors. Specifically, it achieves a decrease of 15% for households, 14.6% for corporate buildings, and 14.5% for Industrial Park EV aggregators.