在组织志愿者活动中获得创伤后成长的积极经验

Inessa Viznіuk, Serhii Dolynnyi, Maryna Sorochan, Oleksii Martsev
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摘要

文章揭示了创伤后事件,这些事件破坏了通常的行为定型,极大地导致了志愿者人格结构的重组。文章的目的是在战争条件下形成志愿者积极经验背景下的创伤后成长,在向受害者提供援助时,志愿者的角色应更多地是支持性的,而不是导师-权威性的。研究中使用了 "情感缺失程度诊断法(多伦多情感缺失量表(TAS))"以及 "前景变化问卷" (CiOQ)和 "创伤后成长量表"(PTGI)。总体样本由学生组成,他们的潜在特征揭示了创伤后成长作为战时条件下人类可持续生命支持因素的特殊性。受害者的行为并不总是受到控制,此外,他们经常会因为预期会发生负面事件而紧张。创伤后应激障碍患者会出现冷漠、恐慌和攻击行为。根据心理矫正的结果,两组志愿者在克服极端困难挑战情况下出现的关键事件时,都经历了质的变化。创伤后的积极体验表明,人际关系的质量、对个人环境的敏感性和亲近感都有所提高。志愿者的创伤后成长基于一种明智的人生哲学,即实现 "我们会处理好的。我们在一起"。
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POSITIVE EXPERIENCE OF POST-TRAUMA GROWTH IN THE ORGANIZATION OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES
The article discloses post-traumatic events that destroy the usual stereotypes of behavior and dramatically cause a restructuring of the volunteers’ personality structure. The purpose of the article is post-traumatic growth in the context of the formation of a positive experience of volunteers in the conditions of war, whose role should be more supportive than mentor-authoritarian in providing assistance to the victims. During the study, the method «Diagnostics of the level of alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS))» and the questionnaires «The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire» (CiOQ) and «The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory» (PTGI) were used. which are applied in the context of the author’s ideas about post-traumatic growth. The general sample of people was made up of students, whose potential features revealed the peculiarities of post-traumatic growth as a factor of sustainable human life support in wartime conditions.The post-traumatic period is characterized by such signs as increased nervousness and sensitivity to suprathreshold stimuli. Victims’ actions are not always controlled, moreover, they are often tense in anticipation of negative events. PTSD situations are accompanied by apathy, panic and aggression. There is a need to provide self-help in the context of the volunteer’s post-traumatic growth.According to the results of psychocorrection, the volunteers of both groups experience qualitative changes in overcoming critical events that arise in the situation of overcoming extremely difficult challenges. Post-traumatic positive experience indicates the quality of interpersonal relationships, increased sensitivity and closeness to the personal environment. The post-traumatic growth of volunteers is based on a wise philosophy of life, in the realization of the values «We will manage. We are together».
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