味觉感知和辅食的发展:综述

Mariia V. Gmoshinskaya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

母乳几乎可以完全满足 6 个月大婴儿对宏量营养素(蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物)的需求,但只能部分满足对矿物质和微量元素的需求。补充喂养是儿童饮食行为的发展阶段,此时儿童的饮食会因引入额外产品而扩大。人类饮食行为的模式是在婴儿期和幼儿期形成的,此时,稳定的口味偏好和饮食习惯(饮食习惯、份量、餐桌文化)已经形成。欧洲和北美营养委员会在其决议(2008 年)中指出,母乳喂养婴儿和奶瓶喂养婴儿添加辅食的时间应相同:不早于第 17 周,不晚于第 26 周。俄罗斯婴儿添加辅食的年龄为 4-6 个月,母乳喂养婴儿为 5.5 个月。由于儿童生长发育旺盛,体力活动增加,建议将牛奶粥作为 4-5 个月儿童所需的主要辅食之一,以提供额外的(相对于母乳或其替代品的)蛋白质、能量、矿物质和维生素。近年来,即食液体谷物食品开始流行。由于谷类食品中的碳水化合物成分可以延长饱腹感,因此可以在睡前给幼儿食用。
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Development of taste perception and complementary foods: A review
Breast milk meets the needs of a 6-month-old child in macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) almost entirely, while in minerals and trace elements only partially. Complementary feeding is the stage of development of the child's eating behavior when its diet expands due to the introduction of additional products. The model of human eating behavior is formed in infancy and early childhood when stable taste preferences and attitudes to eating (regimen, serving size, table culture) are established. The European and North American Nutrition Committees, in their resolution (2008), noted that the timing of the introduction of complementary foods for breastfed and bottle-fed infants should be the same: no earlier than week 17 and no later than week 26. The age to introduce complementary foods in Russia is 4-6 months and 5.5 months in breastfed infants. Due to the intensive growth and increased physical activity of the child, it is advisable to use milk porridges as one of the main types of complementary foods necessary for children at 4–5 months to provide an additional (relative to human milk or its substitutes) amount of protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins. In recent years, ready-to-use liquid cereals have become popular. Due to the carbohydrate component of cereals, which promotes longer satiety, they can be given to young children before bedtime.
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审稿时长
6 weeks
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