使用替代能源的国际经验(欧盟内部)

Yaroslav Zhuravel, Olena Artemenko, Nataliia Lytvyn, Olena Yara, Olena Uliutina
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摘要

所选主题之所以具有现实意义,是因为全球和乌克兰能源部门都存在常规能源资源匮乏的问题。这一问题是由外部因素(技术落后、石油、煤炭和天然气储量缺乏)和内部因素(如俄罗斯对乌克兰的军事侵略及其对其他国家的操纵政策)共同造成的,这促使欧洲社会寻找其他方案来确保能源安全。这使激活替代能源开发的问题具有了新的紧迫性。本研究的目的是分析使用替代(可再生)能源的国际经验,并制定解决全球能源问题的概念方法和途径。研究综合运用了一般科学方法,主要是辩证法、分析法、具体社会学方法,以及特殊法律方法--比较法律方法。研究结果表明,欧盟国家对替代能源的使用在未来将继续发展。根据可持续能源监管指标的数据,可以确认丹麦、德国和波兰共和国目前在欧盟国家可再生能源的使用方面处于领先地位。研究分析了这些国家在使用可再生能源方面的成功经验。结论是,欧洲国家在发展替代能源方面充满活力,但为了使替代能源与传统能源充分竞争,有必要在国家层面保持和规范增加使用可再生能源的激励措施。本研究的实用价值在于,其结果可作为增加乌克兰替代能源比例的建议。
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International experience in the use of alternative energy sources (within the European Union)
The relevance of the chosen subject is due to the problem of the lack of conventional energy resources in the global and Ukrainian energy sectors. This problem is caused by a combination of external factors (outdated technologies, lack of oil, coal, and gas reserves) and internal factors, such as Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine, and its manipulative policy towards other countries, which encourages the European community to look for other options to ensure energy security. This gave a new urgency to the issue of activating the development of alternative energy. The purpose of the study is to analyse international experience in the use of alternative (renewable) energy and formulate conceptual methods and approaches to solving global energy problems. A combination of general scientific methods was used, primarily dialectical, analytical, concrete-sociological, and from special legal methods – comparative legal. The results obtained indicate that the use of alternative energy sources in the European Union countries will continue to develop in the future. Based on data from Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy, it is confirmed that Denmark, Germany, and the Republic of Poland are currently the leaders in the use of renewable energy sources in the EU countries. The study analyses the successful experience of these countries in the use of renewable energy sources. It is concluded that there is a dynamic in the development of alternative energy sources in European countries, but in order for alternative energy sources to fully compete with conventional energy sources, it is necessary to maintain and regulate incentives for increasing the use of renewable energy sources at the national level. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that its results can serve as recommendations for increasing the share of alternative energy sources in Ukraine
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