纪念萨尔玛-卡德拉-贾尤西

IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Journal of Palestine Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI:10.1080/0377919X.2023.2244403
Isabella Hammad
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引用次数: 0

摘要

萨尔玛-卡德拉-贾尤西于 2023 年 4 月 20 日逝世,对于我们所有继承了她作为作家和阿拉伯文学文化不懈倡导者的工作成果的人来说,都是巨大的损失。贾尤西对文学景观和阿拉伯文学在西方的翻译传播所做的贡献无论怎样强调都不为过。作为一名诗人、评论家、翻译家、历史学家和选集家,她将作为阿拉伯世界最杰出的文学学者之一被世人铭记,她的诗歌、分析和社会智慧在她的评论著作以及她为阿拉伯文学选集化和扩大读者群而采取的意义深远的举措中都显而易见。贾尤西的父亲是巴勒斯坦人,母亲是黎巴嫩人,在英国委任统治巴勒斯坦期间,她在阿卡和耶路撒冷长大。她的父亲是一名活动家,贾尤西从小就具有政治意识。在许多故事中,她描述了自己在最后一刻决定参加反对犹太复国主义者的示威活动,而不是去上学:"1 在耶路撒冷施密特女子学院学习之后,她于 1945 年获得贝鲁特美国大学英语和阿拉伯语文学学士学位。在那里,她遇到了布尔汉-贾尤西(Burhan Jayyusi),她后来嫁给了他,他的外交生涯使他们在中东和欧洲的许多城市生活。据贾尤西描述,在二十世纪五六十年代,她参与了贝鲁特和巴格达活跃的文化活动,这加深和拓宽了她对阿拉伯文学的了解,1960 年,她出版了自己的第一本诗集《梦泉归来》。1970 年,她从伦敦大学东方和非洲研究学院获得阿拉伯文学博士学位,之后她将自己的论文写成了两卷本的《现代阿拉伯诗歌的趋势和运动》一书,于 1977 年出版,这是一部细致入微的研究报告,并附有大量百科全书式的传记、文学和社会政治资料。她的批评工作具有开创性。在 2015 年接受 Dima al-Shukr 采访时,Jayyusi 谈到了阿拉伯评论家和文学史家的既定倾向,即把分析重点放在 "诗歌的社会方面以及日常生活和政治生活对诗歌的影响 "2 上,而不是文学技巧的发展上。在某种程度上,她与这一主流趋势的背离可能是她参与《Sh'ir》杂志工作的反映,该杂志以贝鲁特为基地,强调诗歌的现代性,刻意避免政治承诺的论述。然而,贾尤西在不同的立场和团体之间游刃有余,这种思想上的灵活性,再加上她的技术专长,正是她的作品能够如此长盛不衰的原因之一。20 世纪 70 年代,贾尤西在苏丹和阿尔及利亚教授文学,之后在美国担任过多个访问学者职位。正是在此期间,她意识到西方阿拉伯文学翻译的匮乏,并感到有必要弥补这一缺憾。1980 年,她开展了有史以来第一个大规模的阿拉伯文学翻译项目,即 "阿拉伯文学翻译项目"。
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In Remembrance: Salma Khadra Jayyusi
The passing of Salma Khadra Jayyusi on April 20, 2023, is a tremendous loss for all of us who inherit the fruits of her work as a writer and tireless champion of Arabic literary culture. The extent of Jayyusi’s contribution to the literary landscape and to the dissemination of Arabic literature in translation in the West cannot be overstated. A poet, critic, translator, historian, and anthologist, she will be remembered as one of the Arab world’s most prominent literary scholars, whose poetic, analytic, and social intelligence are apparent in both her critical writings and her far-reaching initiatives to anthologize and expand the readership of Arabic letters. Born to a Palestinian father and a Lebanese mother, Jayyusi grew up in Akka and Jerusalem during British Mandate rule in Palestine. Her father was an activist, and Jayyusi was politically aware from a young age. Among many stories, she described deciding at the last minute to join a demonstration against the Zionists instead of attending school: “and soon enough, I was leading more demonstrations than the British police could tolerate.”1 Following her time at Schmidt’s Girls College in Jerusalem, she received her bachelor’s degree in English and Arabic literature in 1945 from the American University of Beirut. It was there that she met Burhan Jayyusi, whom she later married, and whose diplomatic career led them to live in numerous cities across the Middle East and Europe. Jayyusi described how her participation in the vibrant cultural scenes of Beirut and Baghdad during the 1950s and 1960s deepened and widened her knowledge of Arabic literature, and she published her first book, a collection of poetry titled Return from the Dreaming Fountain, in 1960. After receiving her PhD in Arabic literature from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London in 1970, she turned her dissertation into a two-volume book titled Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry, published in 1977, a meticulous study supported by an encyclopedic wealth of biographical, literary, and sociopolitical material. Her critical work is pioneering. In a 2015 interview with Dima al-Shukr, Jayyusi remarked on the established tendency of Arab critics and literary historians to center their analyses on “the social aspect of poetry and the influence daily and political life has on it,”2 rather than on the development of literary technique. To some extent, her divergence from this dominant trend might be a reflection of her involvement with Sh’ir, a Beirut-based magazine with an emphasis on a poetic modernity deliberately uninflected by discourses of political commitment. Nevertheless, Jayyusi moved fluidly between positions and groups, and this intellectual flexibility—combined with her technical specialism—is part of what gives her work such longevity and force. After teaching literature in Sudan and Algeria in the 1970s, Jayyusi served in several visiting positions in the United States. It was during this period that she became aware of the dearth of translated Arabic literature in the West and felt compelled to remedy this. In 1980, she thus undertook the first ever massive translation project of Arabic literature, the Project of
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: The Journal of Palestine Studies, the only North American journal devoted exclusively to Palestinian affairs and the Arab-Israeli conflict, brings you timely and comprehensive information on the region"s political, religious, and cultural concerns. Inside you"ll find: •Feature articles •Interviews •Book reviews •Quarterly updates on conflict and diplomacy •A settlement monitor •Detailed chronologies •Documents and source material •Bibliography of periodical literature
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