A Retrospective Study of Condylar Morphology by Digital Panoramic Radiographs

Background: Radiographical examination of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) showing changes in the shape of the condyle. Clinicians should have anatomical knowledge to assess the morphology of the condyle. Early detection of TMJ prevents the future possibility of osseous deformities. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of morphological variations in the condyles of dentate patients on digital panoramic radiographs. Methods: A total of 2364 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively selected from the previous patient's record that visited the Department and were observed by two radiologists for formulation of operational definitions. The OPG was evaluated for the subcondylar cysts, osteophytes, erosions, knife edges, and flattening of condyles. Morphological trends in condyles were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 68.73% of cases showed positive condylar changes, among which 31.13% revealed osteophytes, 27.13% flattening of condyles, 26.46% erosions, knife edges, and subcondylar cysts were 8.30%, and 6.95%, respectively, and the relationship between the type of condyles and the age groups were found to be statistically significant (P value: 0.05). Conclusions: Osteophytes were found to be the most predominant feature than other condylar morphological changes so preventive measures to be taken to stop further progression of the disease.