The emerging role of fasting-mimicking diets in cancer treatment

Abstract Cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The high demand for specific nutrients and the sensitivity to nutritional deficiencies are newly recognized features of cancer cells. Dietary interventions can suppress tumor demand for particular nutrients and alter certain nutrients to target a tumor's metabolic vulnerability. Cyclic fasting or fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) are popular approaches that can reduce nutrient intake over a specific period. Accumulating evidence suggests that FMDs attenuate tumor growth by altering the energy metabolism of cancer cells. Furthermore, FMDs potentiate the sensitivity of tumors to conventional cancer treatments and limit adverse events. Recent findings also highlight the potential value of FMDs in boosting antitumor immune surveillance. However, clinical trials regarding the impact of FMDs on cancer patients remain limited and controversial. Here, we provide the latest information on the effects of FMDs on cancer progression and treatment, focusing on future clinical applications.