法律的伦理:美英对伊拉克的干预和俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵如何违背了美德原则和国际法

E. K. Nartey
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摘要

伊拉克战争和最近的乌克兰战争象征着解决国际法和战争法危机的重要性。此外,这些战争的问题源于对侵略或侵略构成的错误认识。这种错误观念完全是由国际法中的侵略概念造成的,而这一概念已被滥用、支离破碎和混淆不清。因此,国际法中关于侵略概念的错误观念助长了现代冲突的发展。为了理顺国际法和联合国安全理事会(以下简称联合国安理会)的一些根本性失误,本文试图研究将伦理纳入国际法的实施机制是否会相对有益。本文探讨了是否可以将伦理准则纳入国际法的实施机制,如果可以,伦理如何加强现有规则和国家行为?伦理在国家使用武力的正当性方面能发挥什么作用,从联合国安理会和国家实践中又能得出什么结论?本文分为四个部分。第一部分试图解释伦理的基本原则,第二部分从主体适用和实践的概念来看待国际法。第三部分探讨了俄罗斯入侵乌克兰和英国/美国入侵伊拉克。最后一部分从哲学角度对这一主题进行了总结。关键词:战争法战争法;俄罗斯、乌克兰、伊拉克与伦理;国际法;
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The Ethics of Law: How US/UK Intervention in Iraq and Russia's Invasion of Ukraine Breach the Principle of Virtue and International Law
The war in Iraq and the recent war in Ukraine symbolise the importance of resolving the crisis of international law and laws of war. In addition, the problematic aspect of these wars stems from the misconception of aggression or the composition of aggression. This falsity consists solely of the concept of aggression under international law, which has been abused, fragmented and confused. Therefore, this false idea of the concept of aggression under international law contributes to the development of modern conflicts. In an attempt to rationalise some of the fundamental failures in international law and the United Nations Security Council (hereinafter UNSC), this article seeks to examine whether the inclusion of ethics in the mechanism by which international law is implemented will be relatively useful. It explores whether ethical code can be incorporated into the mechanism by which international law is implemented, and if so, how can ethics enhance the existing rules and states' conduct? What role can ethics play in the justification of the use of force by the states, and what conclusion can be drawn from UNSC and states' practice? The article is divided into four sections. The first tries to explain the fundamental principles of ethics, while the second views international law in the conception of subject matter application and practice. The third section looks at Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the UK/US invasion of Iraq. And the final part presents a philosophical conclusion on the subject matter. Keywords: Laws of War; Russia, Ukraine, Iraq and Ethics; International Law;
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