确保经济能效:借鉴国外经验的可能性

Liubov Kvasnii, Liubov Malyk, Oresta Scherban, O. Soltysik
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The foreign experience of using modern smart technologies and the main tools for ensuring energy efficiency of the economy have been studied. The authors stress that energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of energy consumption. The growing world population and rapid economic growth lead to increased energy consumption. However, many countries face challenges related to limited resources and growing energy dependence. Energy efficiency can help reduce dependence on energy imports and provide a more sustainable and efficient economy. The expediency of implementing modern technologies and tools of ensuring energy efficiency as a factor in the future revival and development of the economy of Ukraine has been proven. 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摘要

文章提出了作者对经济能源效率的定义。文章分析了决定乌克兰在世界其他国家中评级的主要能源效率指标。文章强调,由于许多能源基础设施遭到破坏,乌克兰戒严令的实施和全面战争严重影响了乌克兰经济的能源效率。因此,有必要有计划、有步骤地提高国内生产系统的能源使用效率。在利用世界经济论坛统计信息的基础上,给出了世界各国的节能效率指标及其评级。还研究了国外使用现代智能技术的经验和确保经济能源效率的主要工具。作者强调,能源效率有助于减少能源消耗。世界人口增长和经济快速增长导致能源消耗增加。然而,许多国家都面临着资源有限和能源依赖性不断增加的挑战。提高能效有助于减少对能源进口的依赖,提供更可持续、更高效的经济。事实证明,实施现代技术和工具以确保能源效率是乌克兰未来经济振兴和发展的一个因素。事实证明,在现代条件下,乌克兰需要尽快改变能源消费和能源供应政策,最大限度地利用本国丰富的燃料和能源资源(煤炭、核燃料、可再生能源),并相应地减少天然气--最昂贵和最稀缺的资源--的消费和进口。据指出,为了确保住宅建筑的能源效率,有必要在设计阶段就规定节能技术和新的节能方法。由于许多能源基础设施遭到破坏,戒严令的实施和全面战争极大地影响了乌克兰经济的能源效率。能源效率的降低会给国家经济带来严重后果,特别是会增加能源资源的成本,降低企业的竞争力,并威胁到居民和工业供电的稳定性。能源基础设施,如发电厂、变电站、天然气管道和输油管道遭到破坏,会导致能源生产能力下降和供应质量下降。这会造成供电、供暖、教育、工业企业维护和基础设施方面的问题。由于俄罗斯占领者炸毁了卡霍夫斯卡亚水电站,能源部决定将从欧盟进口的电力增加到 2 千兆瓦。另一方面,乌克兰领土上的军事行动可能导致在能源效率和可再生能源开发领域的投资减少,优先考虑军事需求和恢复受损的基础设施。
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ENSURING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE ECONOMY: POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
The author’s definition of energy efficiency of the economy has been proposed in the article. The main indicators of energy efficiency, which determine the rating of Ukraine among other countries of the world, have been analyzed. It is emphasized that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine and the full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. Attention is focused on the need to organize a systematic and standardized increase in the efficiency of the use of energy resources in domestic production systems. Based on the use of statistical information of the World Economic Forum, the indicators of energy saving efficiency of the countries of the world and their rating have been given. The foreign experience of using modern smart technologies and the main tools for ensuring energy efficiency of the economy have been studied. The authors stress that energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of energy consumption. The growing world population and rapid economic growth lead to increased energy consumption. However, many countries face challenges related to limited resources and growing energy dependence. Energy efficiency can help reduce dependence on energy imports and provide a more sustainable and efficient economy. The expediency of implementing modern technologies and tools of ensuring energy efficiency as a factor in the future revival and development of the economy of Ukraine has been proven. It has been substantiated that in modern conditions, Ukraine needs to change the policy of energy consumption and energy supply as soon as possible, maximizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources, which the country is rich in (coal, nuclear fuel, renewable sources), and accordingly reducing the consumption and import of natural gas - the most expensive and scarce resource. It is noted that in order to ensure the energy efficiency of residential construction, it is necessary to lay down energy-saving technologies and new energy-saving methods at the design stage. The introduction of martial law and full-scale war significantly affected the energy efficiency of Ukraine’s economy due to the destruction of many energy infrastructure facilities. A decrease in energy efficiency can have serious consequences for the country’s economy, in particular, an increase in the cost of energy resources, a decrease in the competitiveness of enterprises, and a threat to the stability of electricity supply to the population and industry. The destruction of energy infrastructure facilities, such as power plants, transformer substations, gas pipelines and oil pipelines, can lead to a decrease in energy production capacity and a deterioration in the quality of supply. This can cause problems with electricity supply, heating, education, maintenance of industrial enterprises and infrastructure. In connection with the explosion by the russian occupiers of the Kakhovskaya HPP, the Ministry of Energy initiates the decision to increase electricity imports from the EU to 2 GW. On the other hand, military actions on the territory of Ukraine may lead to a decrease in investments in the field of energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources, priority is given to military needs and the restoration of damaged infrastructure.
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