Real-World Data Study on Risk Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Damage in Patients Treated with Anti-MRSA Antibiotics

The objective was to evaluate the incidence of nephrotoxicity related to vancomycin and other anti-MRSA antibiotics (linezolid and daptomycin). Patients receiving any of these drugs between July 2014 and December 2020 at a tertiary hospital were included. Renal failure was evaluated using the acute renal injury (AKIN) system. Univariate analysis was conducted on the 5806 patients who were included. Among them, 1023 patients (17.62%) developed renal failure. The renal damage incidence was 14.74% (496/3365) for vancomycin, 19.13% (367/1918) for linezolid, and 30.59% (160/523) for daptomycin. Patients with lower basal glomerular filtration had a higher risk of AKIN. In the vancomycin group, the risk factors were high creatinine and urea serum basal values, duration of treatment (DOT), body mass index (BMI), ICU stay, age, and low CKDEPI and albumin levels. In the linezolid group, AKIN was linked to high creatinine and urea levels, BMI, age, and ICU stay and to low CKDEPI levels; for daptomycin, AKIN was associated with low CKDEPI and albumin levels and a long DOT. Patients with AKIN showed higher mortality rates. Vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity remains a great concern. However, linezolid and daptomycin could also cause nephrotoxicity. Bearing in mind risk factors that may prompt nephrotoxicity in hospitalized patients taking anti-staphylococcal antibiotics will result in better pharmacotherapeutic management.