{"title":"研究皮脂分泌对液体化妆粉底变黑的影响及其解决方案。","authors":"Qi Zhang, Gang Chen, Yifan Hou, Sijing Wang, Qianru Xia, Jing Yu","doi":"10.1111/ics.12939","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>Darkening has been an issue of concern for foundation products. The secretion of sebum plays a significant role in the process of foundation darkening, but the underlying mechanisms and solutions have been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sebum secretion and liquid foundation darkening and to provide possible solutions for reducing sebum-induced darkening in liquid foundation.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Artificial sebum in different concentrations was added to a basic liquid foundation to simulate different stages of sebum secretion. The colour of the mixture was then measured by a spectrophotometer on the standard opacity chart. Potential technical solutions for anti-darkening were applied to a basic liquid foundation, and its ability to anti-darkening was further verified in vivo.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>(1) The influences of sebum addition on liquid foundation darkening had a significant positive correlation with the increase in transmissivities (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.852, <i>p</i> < 0.01). (2) A certain range of sebum addition can reduce the darkening of volatile foundations. (3) The liquid foundations using pigments with high dispersibility in sebum were less influenced by sebum. (4) The replacement of pigments with oil-fixing ability could effectively reduce the darkening of liquid foundations induced by sebum (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The effect of sebum on the darkening of liquid foundation was accompanied by a greater transmissivity as its pigment concentration decreased. Balanced volatility, the addition of powders with higher sebum dispersibility and the replacement of oil-fixing powders could reduce the darkening of the liquid foundation caused by sebum secretion.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Investigating the impact of sebum secretion on liquid makeup foundation darkening and its solution\",\"authors\":\"Qi Zhang, Gang Chen, Yifan Hou, Sijing Wang, Qianru Xia, Jing Yu\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/ics.12939\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>Darkening has been an issue of concern for foundation products. The secretion of sebum plays a significant role in the process of foundation darkening, but the underlying mechanisms and solutions have been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sebum secretion and liquid foundation darkening and to provide possible solutions for reducing sebum-induced darkening in liquid foundation.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Artificial sebum in different concentrations was added to a basic liquid foundation to simulate different stages of sebum secretion. The colour of the mixture was then measured by a spectrophotometer on the standard opacity chart. Potential technical solutions for anti-darkening were applied to a basic liquid foundation, and its ability to anti-darkening was further verified in vivo.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>(1) The influences of sebum addition on liquid foundation darkening had a significant positive correlation with the increase in transmissivities (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.852, <i>p</i> < 0.01). (2) A certain range of sebum addition can reduce the darkening of volatile foundations. (3) The liquid foundations using pigments with high dispersibility in sebum were less influenced by sebum. (4) The replacement of pigments with oil-fixing ability could effectively reduce the darkening of liquid foundations induced by sebum (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>The effect of sebum on the darkening of liquid foundation was accompanied by a greater transmissivity as its pigment concentration decreased. Balanced volatility, the addition of powders with higher sebum dispersibility and the replacement of oil-fixing powders could reduce the darkening of the liquid foundation caused by sebum secretion.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13936,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Cosmetic Science\",\"volume\":\"46 1\",\"pages\":\"142-152\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Cosmetic Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12939\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"DERMATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.12939","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigating the impact of sebum secretion on liquid makeup foundation darkening and its solution
Objectives
Darkening has been an issue of concern for foundation products. The secretion of sebum plays a significant role in the process of foundation darkening, but the underlying mechanisms and solutions have been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sebum secretion and liquid foundation darkening and to provide possible solutions for reducing sebum-induced darkening in liquid foundation.
Methods
Artificial sebum in different concentrations was added to a basic liquid foundation to simulate different stages of sebum secretion. The colour of the mixture was then measured by a spectrophotometer on the standard opacity chart. Potential technical solutions for anti-darkening were applied to a basic liquid foundation, and its ability to anti-darkening was further verified in vivo.
Results
(1) The influences of sebum addition on liquid foundation darkening had a significant positive correlation with the increase in transmissivities (R2 = 0.852, p < 0.01). (2) A certain range of sebum addition can reduce the darkening of volatile foundations. (3) The liquid foundations using pigments with high dispersibility in sebum were less influenced by sebum. (4) The replacement of pigments with oil-fixing ability could effectively reduce the darkening of liquid foundations induced by sebum (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
The effect of sebum on the darkening of liquid foundation was accompanied by a greater transmissivity as its pigment concentration decreased. Balanced volatility, the addition of powders with higher sebum dispersibility and the replacement of oil-fixing powders could reduce the darkening of the liquid foundation caused by sebum secretion.
期刊介绍：
The Journal publishes original refereed papers, review papers and correspondence in the fields of cosmetic research. It is read by practising cosmetic scientists and dermatologists, as well as specialists in more diverse disciplines that are developing new products which contact the skin, hair, nails or mucous membranes.
The aim of the Journal is to present current scientific research, both pure and applied, in: cosmetics, toiletries, perfumery and allied fields. Areas that are of particular interest include: studies in skin physiology and interactions with cosmetic ingredients, innovation in claim substantiation methods (in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo), human and in vitro safety testing of cosmetic ingredients and products, physical chemistry and technology of emulsion and dispersed systems, theory and application of surfactants, new developments in olfactive research, aerosol technology and selected aspects of analytical chemistry.
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