爱沙尼亚:卫生系统审查。

Q1 Medicine Health systems in transition Pub Date : 2023-12-01
Kaija Kasekamp, Triin Habicht, Andres Võrk, Kristina Köhler, Marge Reinap, Kristiina Kahur, Heli Laarmann, Yulia Litvinova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对爱沙尼亚卫生系统的分析说明了组织与治理、卫生筹资、医疗服务提供、卫生改革和卫生系统绩效方面的最新发展。总体而言,爱沙尼亚的人均卫生支出低于欧盟平均水平,但公共支出一直在稳步增长,政府预算向社会医疗保险模式转移的作用越来越大。尽管做出了这些努力,但目前超过五分之一的卫生支出来自自费,这就为开发新的和加强现有的财政保护手段带来了压力。爱沙尼亚的预期寿命在过去十年中增长迅速,但还不够快,无法达到战略文件中设定的目标。在 COVID-19 大流行的头几年,预期寿命下降,死亡率过高,阻碍了进展。尽管如此,爱沙尼亚在人口健康方面的进步在 2022 年更加明显。总体而言,社会经济群体之间的健康不平等仍然很严重,这促使决策者采取措施,增加获得保健服务的公平性。爱沙尼亚卫生系统面临的突出挑战包括:解决初级和心理健康专家短缺的问题,特别是考虑到慢性病负担日益加重和老龄化人口的其他需求;最大限度地减少健康结果中明显的社会经济不平等;更新过时的公共卫生框架;进一步改善护理和临床决策的整合与协调。
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Estonia: Health System Review.

This analysis of the Estonian health system illustrates recent developments in organization and governance, health financing, health care provision, health reforms and health system performance. In general, Estonia spends less per capita on health than the European Union average, although public expenditure has been growing steadily, with an increasing role of government budget transfers towards the social health insurance model. Despite these efforts, more than a fifth of current health expenditure comes from out-of-pocket payments, creating pressure to develop new and strengthen existing financial protection instruments. Life expectancy in Estonia has increased rapidly over the past decade, but not fast enough to meet the targets set in strategic documents. The first years of the COVID-19 pandemic were marked by a decline in life expectancy and high excess mortality, which set back progress. Despite this, Estonia's gains in population health were more pronounced in 2022. Overall, health inequalities between socioeconomic groups remain high, prompting policymakers to take steps to increase equity in access to care. The outstanding challenges for the Estonian health system include: addressing the shortage of primary and mental health experts, especially given the growing burden of chronic conditions and other needs of the ageing population; minimizing stark socioeconomic inequalities in health outcomes; renewing the outdated public health framework; and further improving integration and coordination of care and clinical decision-making.

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来源期刊
Health systems in transition
Health systems in transition Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
16.00
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0.00%
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期刊最新文献
Denmark: Health System Review. Estonia: Health System Review. Sweden: Health System Review. France: Health System Review. Health and Care Data: Approaches to data linkage for evidence-informed policy.
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