Alpha Lipoic Acid Protects Human SH-SY5Y Cells Against Quinolinic Acid-Induced Toxicity: Focusing on ROS Levels and Cell Cycle

Objectives: An abnormal buildup of Quinolinic Acid (QuA) is usually linked to the death of nerve cells and a condition known as neuritis in various forms of neurodegenerative illness. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) has substantial antioxidant properties, according to previous studies. However, the protective effects of ALA against the neurotoxicity induced by QuA are unknown. This work aimed to determine whether ALA could shield the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line from QuA-induced neurotoxicity. Methods: Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while cell cycle and apoptotic effects were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also examined. Results: The findings showed that ALA, at non-toxic concentrations, had a protective effect against QuA-induced toxicity. Moreover, pretreatment with ALA reduced the number of cells that underwent apoptosis. Also, it was found that the percentage of apoptotic cells (i.e., those in the sub-G1 phase) was considerably increased following QuA therapy. ALA also dramatically reduced the production of ROS by QuA. Conclusion: The results suggest that ALA appears to be an effective neuroprotectant and antioxidant against QuA-induced neurotoxicity.