A review of concepts and methods for FTIR imaging of biomarker changes in the post-stroke brain

Stroke represents a core area of study in neurosciences and public health due to its global contribution toward mortality and disability. The intricate pathophysiology of stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic events, involves the interruption in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain. Disruption of these crucial processes in the central nervous system leads to metabolic dysregulation and cell death. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can simultaneously measure total protein and lipid content along with a number of key biomarkers within brain tissue that cannot be observed using conventional techniques. FTIR imaging provides the opportunity to visualize this information in tissue which has not been chemically treated prior to analysis, thus retaining the spatial distribution and in situ chemical information. Here we present a review of FTIR imaging methods for investigating the biomarker responses in the post-stroke brain.