Why Can Modulation of α6-Containing GABAA Receptors Reduce the Symptoms of Multiple Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

α6-containing GABA_A receptors (α6GABA_ARs) are strongly expressed in cerebellar granule cells, where they mediate a correctly timed and precise coordination of all muscle groups that execute behavior and protect the brain from information overflow. Recently, it was demonstrated that positive modulators with a high selectivity for α6GABA_ARs (α6-modulators) can reduce the symptoms of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders in respective animal models to an extent comparable with established clinical therapeutics. Here, these incredible findings are discussed and explained. So far, the beneficial actions of α6-modulators and their lack of side effects have only been demonstrated in animal models of the respective disorders. Preclinical studies have demonstrated their suitability for further drug development. Future human studies have to investigate their safety and possible side effects, and to clarify to which extent individual symptoms of the respective disorders can be reduced by α6-modulators in patients during acute and chronic dosing. Due to their broad therapeutic potential, α6-modulators might become a valuable new treatment option for multiple neuropsychiatric disorders.