Maternal Hypercholesterolemia is a Significant Risk Factor for Atherogenesis – A Systematic Review

Background: Cardiovascular diseases, typically associated with older individuals, have been found to have risk factors that can develop during childhood and even fetal development. Maternal hypercholesterolemia, experienced during pregnancy, is one such factor that affects the fetus. This review aims to explore the mechanisms through which maternal hypercholesterolemia can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases and events. Methods: To conduct this review, we systematically analyzed existing literature and collected relevant information on the impact of maternal hypercholesterolemia on fetal development and subsequent cardiovascular health. We examined studies that investigated the pathways and mechanisms by which maternal hypercholesterolemia influences atherosclerosis and its related diseases. Results: Our review identified several mechanisms by which maternal hypercholesterolemia can stimulate the development of atherosclerosis and contribute to cardiovascular diseases and events. These mechanisms include alterations in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy can lead to lipid abnormalities in the fetus, triggering early atherosclerotic changes that persist into adulthood. These changes may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life. Conclusion: This review highlights the potential impact of maternal hypercholesterolemia on the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases in offspring. Understanding the mechanisms involved is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies and interventions. By addressing maternal hypercholesterolemia and its effects during pregnancy, healthcare providers can contribute to reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases in future generations. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and long-term effects, which will aid in developing targeted approaches for early intervention and risk mitigation.