地下硬煤矿的最佳运输方案:多标准成本分析

Patrycja Bąk, Marian Czesław Turek, Łukasz Bednarczyk, Izabela Jonek-Kowalska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于硬煤地下矿井的运输问题,文献中很少有描述。对这一问题的财务方面的分析更是少之又少。这方面的文献主要集中在技术问题和采矿人员的安全问题上。露天煤矿的运输问题受到更多关注。根据上述前提和实际需要,有必要对地下硬煤矿的运输系统进行经济分析。本文是一篇科学论文,提出了多标准成本分析的概念,作为支持选择硬煤矿井下最佳运输方案的工具。在相关文献中还没有对这一领域进行过考虑,而选择运输方案的问题在矿井工作面广泛的地下煤矿实践中是一个复杂而又必要的问题。所提出的方法包括五项成本标准(执行运输任务的成本、线路扩展成本、机车车辆维护成本、折旧成本和额外的人员成本)。除了成本标准外,还同时采用了与效用属性有关的标准,这就有可能在最佳解决方案指示的基础上,通过对效用和成本目标函数的数学构建,采用特定的运输系统技术和组织模式。所设计系统的最佳变体和井下材料运输系统的配置考虑了以下因素:(1) 七项效用标准(KU1-运输任务完成时间;KU2-运输系统的兼容性;KU3-连续连通性;KU4-与其他运输任务共同使用;KU5-安全性;KU6-不方便性;KU7-超计划条件下的运行);(2) 五项成本标准(KK1-执行运输任务的成本;KK2-路线扩展成本;KK3-滚动库存维护成本;KK4-折旧成本;KK5-额外的人员成本)。根据上述标准,每个方案都有两个目标函数:效用和成本。它们提出了不同的目标,因此是非合作函数。效用和成本都追求最大值。在所开发的方法中,理想点通常是一个虚构的解决方案,代表了一组解决方案中所有可实现值中的最大值,但根据所有标准,不可能同时实现这一点。这一点说明了所考虑的备选方案中效用最大、成本最低的方案,虽然它表明了技术的可能性和成本的范围,但显然任何一个备选方案都不可能同时达到这一点。对于所开发的方法,还确定了一个所谓的 "PND "最低点,代表同时实现所有目标的最不可取的水平,它是从帕累托意义上的最优点集合中确定的。所进行的概念性考虑的独创性在于:填补了复杂运输系统评估经济方法的空白;将考虑因素纳入地下矿山复杂运输系统的发展趋势中;将考虑因素集中在投资前阶段,从而有可能在发生支出之前优化成本。
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The Optimal Transportation Option in an Underground Hard Coal Mine: A Multi-Criteria Cost Analysis
The issue of transport in underground hard coal mines is very rarely described in the literature. The financial aspects of this issue are even less often analyzed. Publications in this area focus on technical issues and the safety of mining crews. More attention is paid to transport in open-pit mines. The above premises and practical needs imply the need to conduct economic analyses of transport systems in underground hard coal mines. This paper is a scientific communication, which presents the concept of a multi-criteria cost analysis as a tool to support the selection of the optimal transportation option in an underground hard coal mine. Considerations in this area have not been carried out in the relevant literature, and the problem of selecting a transportation option is a complex and necessary issue in the practice of underground mines with extensive mine workings. The methodology presented includes five cost criteria (costs of carrying out the transportation task; route expansion costs; rolling stock maintenance costs; depreciation costs; and additional personnel costs). The simultaneous application of criteria relating to utility properties in addition to cost criteria makes it possible to adopt a specific technical and organizational model of the transportation system based on the indication of the optimal solution, resulting from the mathematical construction of functions of objectives relating to utility and cost. The optimal variant of the designed system and configuration of the material transportation system in underground workings takes into consideration the following: (1) seven utility criteria (KU1—transportation task completion time; KU2—compatibility of transportation systems; KU3—continuous connectivity; KU4—co-use with other transportation tasks; KU5—safety; KU6—inconvenience; KU7—operation under overplanning conditions) and (2) five cost criteria (KK1—costs of implementing the transportation task; KK2—costs of route expansion; KK3—rolling stock maintenance costs; KK4—depreciation costs; KK5—additional personnel costs). Based on the aforementioned criteria, two objective functions are built for each option: utility and cost. They present divergent goals; therefore, they are non-cooperative functions. Both utility and costs strive for the maximum. In the developed methodology, an ideal point is usually a fictitious solution representing a set of maximum values among all the achievable values in a set of solutions, but it is impossible to achieve this simultaneously based on all the criteria. This point illustrates the maximum utility and lowest cost among the alternatives considered, which is obviously impossible for any of the variants to meet at the same time, although it indicates the possibilities of the technique and the range of costs. For the developed method, a so-called “PND” nadir point is also determined, representing the least-preferred level of achievement of all goals simultaneously, determined from the set of optimal points in the Pareto sense. The originality of the conceptual considerations undertaken stems from: filling the gap in the economic methodology of complex transportation systems evaluation; embedding considerations in the trend concerning complex transportation systems of underground mines; and focusing considerations on the pre-investment phase, making it possible to optimize costs before expenditures are incurred.
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