成功因素与挑战:对作为基于自然的废水处理解决方案的人工湿地进行实物期权评估的意义

Casper Boongaling Agaton, Patricia Marie Caparas Guila
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摘要

人工湿地 (CW) 是模仿自然湿地特征和功能的工程水处理系统。作为一种基于自然的废水处理解决方案(NBS),人工湿地具有可持续性和成本效益,同时还能提供各种生态系统服务。然而,它们的广泛应用面临着一些不确定因素,尤其是在发展中国家。本研究旨在分析实施化武项目的成功因素和挑战。本研究以菲律宾巴亚万市成功实施的化武项目为例,调查了受益于化武项目的 270 户社区户主,并采访了化武项目的各利益相关方,包括项目规划者、管理层、社区领导、社会工作者和化武工人。结果表明,89%的受访者知道社区中存在化武,73%的受访者相信化武的长期可持续性。成功实施社区福利项目的因素包括政府支持(43%)、良好治理(32%)和公众支持(14%)。另一方面,维护不当(63%)、社区过于拥挤(11%)、臭味(4%)、资金(4%)以及与气候有关的不确定因素(包括自然灾害(4%)、洪水(7%)、地震(4%)和海平面上升(11%))也给项目的实施带来了挑战。通过将已确定的不确定性纳入灵活决策,讨论了这些成功因素和挑战在将实物期权估价应用于基本工程项目时的影响,从而在水资源管理中推广和广泛实施更可持续的国家预算系统。
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Success Factors and Challenges: Implications of Real Options Valuation of Constructed Wetlands as Nature-Based Solutions for Wastewater Treatment
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered water treatment systems that mimic the features and functions of natural wetlands. As a nature-based solution (NBS) for wastewater treatment, CWs are sustainable and cost-effective while providing various ecosystem services. However, their widespread application faces several uncertainties, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the success factors and challenges in implementing CW projects. Using the case of successful CWs in Bayawan City in the Philippines, this study surveyed 270 household heads from the community benefiting from the CWs and interviewed various CW stakeholders, including the project planner, management, community leader, social workers, and CW workers. The results showed that 89% of the respondents were aware of the existence of CWs in the community and 73% believed in their long-term sustainability. Among the identified factors for the successful implementation of the CW project were government support (43%), good governance (32%), and public support (14%). On the other hand, the implementation was challenged by improper maintenance (63%), overcrowding in the community (11%), foul smells (4%), funding (4%), and climate-related uncertainties, including natural calamities (4%), flooding (7%), earthquakes (4%), and sea level rise (11%). The implications of these success factors and challenges were discussed in the application of real options valuation to CW projects by incorporating the identified uncertainties into flexible decision making in the scaling up and widespread implementation of a more sustainable NBS to water resources management.
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